PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation

The PostgreSQL Global Development Group

   Copyright © 1996–2025 The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
   Legal Notice

   Table of Contents

   Preface

        1. What Is PostgreSQL?
        2. A Brief History of PostgreSQL
        3. Conventions
        4. Further Information
        5. Bug Reporting Guidelines

   I. Tutorial

        1. Getting Started
        2. The SQL Language
        3. Advanced Features

   II. The SQL Language

        4. SQL Syntax
        5. Data Definition
        6. Data Manipulation
        7. Queries
        8. Data Types
        9. Functions and Operators
        10. Type Conversion
        11. Indexes
        12. Full Text Search
        13. Concurrency Control
        14. Performance Tips
        15. Parallel Query

   III. Server Administration

        16. Installation from Binaries
        17. Installation from Source Code
        18. Server Setup and Operation
        19. Server Configuration
        20. Client Authentication
        21. Database Roles
        22. Managing Databases
        23. Localization
        24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks
        25. Backup and Restore
        26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication
        27. Monitoring Database Activity
        28. Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log
        29. Logical Replication
        30. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)
        31. Regression Tests

   IV. Client Interfaces

        32. libpq — C Library
        33. Large Objects
        34. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C
        35. The Information Schema

   V. Server Programming

        36. Extending SQL
        37. Triggers
        38. Event Triggers
        39. The Rule System
        40. Procedural Languages
        41. PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language
        42. PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language
        43. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language
        44. PL/Python — Python Procedural Language
        45. Server Programming Interface
        46. Background Worker Processes
        47. Logical Decoding
        48. Replication Progress Tracking
        49. Archive Modules
        50. OAuth Validator Modules

   VI. Reference

        I. SQL Commands
        II. PostgreSQL Client Applications
        III. PostgreSQL Server Applications

   VII. Internals

        51. Overview of PostgreSQL Internals
        52. System Catalogs
        53. System Views
        54. Frontend/Backend Protocol
        55. PostgreSQL Coding Conventions
        56. Native Language Support
        57. Writing a Procedural Language Handler
        58. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper
        59. Writing a Table Sampling Method
        60. Writing a Custom Scan Provider
        61. Genetic Query Optimizer
        62. Table Access Method Interface Definition
        63. Index Access Method Interface Definition
        64. Write Ahead Logging for Extensions
        65. Built-in Index Access Methods
        66. Database Physical Storage
        67. Transaction Processing
        68. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents
        69. How the Planner Uses Statistics
        70. Backup Manifest Format

   VIII. Appendixes

        A. PostgreSQL Error Codes
        B. Date/Time Support
        C. SQL Key Words
        D. SQL Conformance
        E. Release Notes
        F. Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions
        G. Additional Supplied Programs
        H. External Projects
        I. The Source Code Repository
        J. Documentation
        K. PostgreSQL Limits
        L. Acronyms
        M. Glossary
        N. Color Support
        O. Obsolete or Renamed Features

   Bibliography
   Index