Chapter 14. Performance Tips Table of Contents 14.1. Using EXPLAIN 14.1.1. EXPLAIN Basics 14.1.2. EXPLAIN ANALYZE 14.1.3. Caveats 14.2. Statistics Used by the Planner 14.2.1. Single-Column Statistics 14.2.2. Extended Statistics 14.3. Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses 14.4. Populating a Database 14.4.1. Disable Autocommit 14.4.2. Use COPY 14.4.3. Remove Indexes 14.4.4. Remove Foreign Key Constraints 14.4.5. Increase maintenance_work_mem 14.4.6. Increase max_wal_size 14.4.7. Disable WAL Archival and Streaming Replication 14.4.8. Run ANALYZE Afterwards 14.4.9. Some Notes about pg_dump 14.5. Non-Durable Settings Query performance can be affected by many things. Some of these can be controlled by the user, while others are fundamental to the underlying design of the system. This chapter provides some hints about understanding and tuning PostgreSQL performance.