Part VI. Reference

   The entries in this Reference are meant to provide in reasonable length
   an authoritative, complete, and formal summary about their respective
   subjects. More information about the use of PostgreSQL, in narrative,
   tutorial, or example form, can be found in other parts of this book.
   See the cross-references listed on each reference page.

   The reference entries are also available as traditional “man” pages.

   Table of Contents

   I. SQL Commands

        ABORT — abort the current transaction
        ALTER AGGREGATE — change the definition of an aggregate function
        ALTER COLLATION — change the definition of a collation
        ALTER CONVERSION — change the definition of a conversion
        ALTER DATABASE — change a database
        ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES — define default access privileges
        ALTER DOMAIN — change the definition of a domain
        ALTER EVENT TRIGGER — change the definition of an event trigger
        ALTER EXTENSION — change the definition of an extension
        ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — change the definition of a
                foreign-data wrapper

        ALTER FOREIGN TABLE — change the definition of a foreign table
        ALTER FUNCTION — change the definition of a function
        ALTER GROUP — change role name or membership
        ALTER INDEX — change the definition of an index
        ALTER LANGUAGE — change the definition of a procedural language
        ALTER LARGE OBJECT — change the definition of a large object
        ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW — change the definition of a materialized
                view

        ALTER OPERATOR — change the definition of an operator
        ALTER OPERATOR CLASS — change the definition of an operator class
        ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY — change the definition of an operator
                family

        ALTER POLICY — change the definition of a row-level security
                policy

        ALTER PROCEDURE — change the definition of a procedure
        ALTER PUBLICATION — change the definition of a publication
        ALTER ROLE — change a database role
        ALTER ROUTINE — change the definition of a routine
        ALTER RULE — change the definition of a rule
        ALTER SCHEMA — change the definition of a schema
        ALTER SEQUENCE — change the definition of a sequence generator
        ALTER SERVER — change the definition of a foreign server
        ALTER STATISTICS — change the definition of an extended statistics
                object

        ALTER SUBSCRIPTION — change the definition of a subscription
        ALTER SYSTEM — change a server configuration parameter
        ALTER TABLE — change the definition of a table
        ALTER TABLESPACE — change the definition of a tablespace
        ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — change the definition of a text
                search configuration

        ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — change the definition of a text
                search dictionary

        ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER — change the definition of a text search
                parser

        ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — change the definition of a text
                search template

        ALTER TRIGGER — change the definition of a trigger
        ALTER TYPE — change the definition of a type
        ALTER USER — change a database role
        ALTER USER MAPPING — change the definition of a user mapping
        ALTER VIEW — change the definition of a view
        ANALYZE — collect statistics about a database
        BEGIN — start a transaction block
        CALL — invoke a procedure
        CHECKPOINT — force a write-ahead log checkpoint
        CLOSE — close a cursor
        CLUSTER — cluster a table according to an index
        COMMENT — define or change the comment of an object
        COMMIT — commit the current transaction
        COMMIT PREPARED — commit a transaction that was earlier prepared
                for two-phase commit

        COPY — copy data between a file and a table
        CREATE ACCESS METHOD — define a new access method
        CREATE AGGREGATE — define a new aggregate function
        CREATE CAST — define a new cast
        CREATE COLLATION — define a new collation
        CREATE CONVERSION — define a new encoding conversion
        CREATE DATABASE — create a new database
        CREATE DOMAIN — define a new domain
        CREATE EVENT TRIGGER — define a new event trigger
        CREATE EXTENSION — install an extension
        CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — define a new foreign-data wrapper
        CREATE FOREIGN TABLE — define a new foreign table
        CREATE FUNCTION — define a new function
        CREATE GROUP — define a new database role
        CREATE INDEX — define a new index
        CREATE LANGUAGE — define a new procedural language
        CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW — define a new materialized view
        CREATE OPERATOR — define a new operator
        CREATE OPERATOR CLASS — define a new operator class
        CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY — define a new operator family
        CREATE POLICY — define a new row-level security policy for a table
        CREATE PROCEDURE — define a new procedure
        CREATE PUBLICATION — define a new publication
        CREATE ROLE — define a new database role
        CREATE RULE — define a new rewrite rule
        CREATE SCHEMA — define a new schema
        CREATE SEQUENCE — define a new sequence generator
        CREATE SERVER — define a new foreign server
        CREATE STATISTICS — define extended statistics
        CREATE SUBSCRIPTION — define a new subscription
        CREATE TABLE — define a new table
        CREATE TABLE AS — define a new table from the results of a query
        CREATE TABLESPACE — define a new tablespace
        CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — define a new text search
                configuration

        CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — define a new text search
                dictionary

        CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER — define a new text search parser
        CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — define a new text search template
        CREATE TRANSFORM — define a new transform
        CREATE TRIGGER — define a new trigger
        CREATE TYPE — define a new data type
        CREATE USER — define a new database role
        CREATE USER MAPPING — define a new mapping of a user to a foreign
                server

        CREATE VIEW — define a new view
        DEALLOCATE — deallocate a prepared statement
        DECLARE — define a cursor
        DELETE — delete rows of a table
        DISCARD — discard session state
        DO — execute an anonymous code block
        DROP ACCESS METHOD — remove an access method
        DROP AGGREGATE — remove an aggregate function
        DROP CAST — remove a cast
        DROP COLLATION — remove a collation
        DROP CONVERSION — remove a conversion
        DROP DATABASE — remove a database
        DROP DOMAIN — remove a domain
        DROP EVENT TRIGGER — remove an event trigger
        DROP EXTENSION — remove an extension
        DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — remove a foreign-data wrapper
        DROP FOREIGN TABLE — remove a foreign table
        DROP FUNCTION — remove a function
        DROP GROUP — remove a database role
        DROP INDEX — remove an index
        DROP LANGUAGE — remove a procedural language
        DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW — remove a materialized view
        DROP OPERATOR — remove an operator
        DROP OPERATOR CLASS — remove an operator class
        DROP OPERATOR FAMILY — remove an operator family
        DROP OWNED — remove database objects owned by a database role
        DROP POLICY — remove a row-level security policy from a table
        DROP PROCEDURE — remove a procedure
        DROP PUBLICATION — remove a publication
        DROP ROLE — remove a database role
        DROP ROUTINE — remove a routine
        DROP RULE — remove a rewrite rule
        DROP SCHEMA — remove a schema
        DROP SEQUENCE — remove a sequence
        DROP SERVER — remove a foreign server descriptor
        DROP STATISTICS — remove extended statistics
        DROP SUBSCRIPTION — remove a subscription
        DROP TABLE — remove a table
        DROP TABLESPACE — remove a tablespace
        DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — remove a text search
                configuration

        DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — remove a text search dictionary
        DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER — remove a text search parser
        DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — remove a text search template
        DROP TRANSFORM — remove a transform
        DROP TRIGGER — remove a trigger
        DROP TYPE — remove a data type
        DROP USER — remove a database role
        DROP USER MAPPING — remove a user mapping for a foreign server
        DROP VIEW — remove a view
        END — commit the current transaction
        EXECUTE — execute a prepared statement
        EXPLAIN — show the execution plan of a statement
        FETCH — retrieve rows from a query using a cursor
        GRANT — define access privileges
        IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA — import table definitions from a foreign
                server

        INSERT — create new rows in a table
        LISTEN — listen for a notification
        LOAD — load a shared library file
        LOCK — lock a table
        MERGE — conditionally insert, update, or delete rows of a table
        MOVE — position a cursor
        NOTIFY — generate a notification
        PREPARE — prepare a statement for execution
        PREPARE TRANSACTION — prepare the current transaction for
                two-phase commit

        REASSIGN OWNED — change the ownership of database objects owned by
                a database role

        REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW — replace the contents of a materialized
                view

        REINDEX — rebuild indexes
        RELEASE SAVEPOINT — release a previously defined savepoint
        RESET — restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default
                value

        REVOKE — remove access privileges
        ROLLBACK — abort the current transaction
        ROLLBACK PREPARED — cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared
                for two-phase commit

        ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT — roll back to a savepoint
        SAVEPOINT — define a new savepoint within the current transaction
        SECURITY LABEL — define or change a security label applied to an
                object

        SELECT — retrieve rows from a table or view
        SELECT INTO — define a new table from the results of a query
        SET — change a run-time parameter
        SET CONSTRAINTS — set constraint check timing for the current
                transaction

        SET ROLE — set the current user identifier of the current session
        SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION — set the session user identifier and
                the current user identifier of the current session

        SET TRANSACTION — set the characteristics of the current
                transaction

        SHOW — show the value of a run-time parameter
        START TRANSACTION — start a transaction block
        TRUNCATE — empty a table or set of tables
        UNLISTEN — stop listening for a notification
        UPDATE — update rows of a table
        VACUUM — garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database
        VALUES — compute a set of rows

   II. PostgreSQL Client Applications

        clusterdb — cluster a PostgreSQL database
        createdb — create a new PostgreSQL database
        createuser — define a new PostgreSQL user account
        dropdb — remove a PostgreSQL database
        dropuser — remove a PostgreSQL user account
        ecpg — embedded SQL C preprocessor
        pg_amcheck — checks for corruption in one or more PostgreSQL
                databases

        pg_basebackup — take a base backup of a PostgreSQL cluster
        pgbench — run a benchmark test on PostgreSQL
        pg_combinebackup — reconstruct a full backup from an incremental
                backup and dependent backups

        pg_config — retrieve information about the installed version of
                PostgreSQL

        pg_dump — export a PostgreSQL database as an SQL script or to
                other formats

        pg_dumpall — extract a PostgreSQL database cluster into a script
                file

        pg_isready — check the connection status of a PostgreSQL server
        pg_receivewal — stream write-ahead logs from a PostgreSQL server
        pg_recvlogical — control PostgreSQL logical decoding streams
        pg_restore — restore a PostgreSQL database from an archive file
                created by pg_dump

        pg_verifybackup — verify the integrity of a base backup of a
                PostgreSQL cluster

        psql — PostgreSQL interactive terminal
        reindexdb — reindex a PostgreSQL database
        vacuumdb — garbage-collect and analyze a PostgreSQL database

   III. PostgreSQL Server Applications

        initdb — create a new PostgreSQL database cluster
        pg_archivecleanup — clean up PostgreSQL WAL archive files
        pg_checksums — enable, disable or check data checksums in a
                PostgreSQL database cluster

        pg_controldata — display control information of a PostgreSQL
                database cluster

        pg_createsubscriber — convert a physical replica into a new
                logical replica

        pg_ctl — initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server
        pg_resetwal — reset the write-ahead log and other control
                information of a PostgreSQL database cluster

        pg_rewind — synchronize a PostgreSQL data directory with another
                data directory that was forked from it

        pg_test_fsync — determine fastest wal_sync_method for PostgreSQL
        pg_test_timing — measure timing overhead
        pg_upgrade — upgrade a PostgreSQL server instance
        pg_waldump — display a human-readable rendering of the write-ahead
                log of a PostgreSQL database cluster

        pg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files
        postgres — PostgreSQL database server