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2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>9.19. Array Functions and Operators</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="functions-conditional.html" title="9.18. Conditional Expressions" /><link rel="next" href="functions-range.html" title="9.20. Range/Multirange Functions and Operators" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">9.19. Array Functions and Operators</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="functions-conditional.html" title="9.18. Conditional Expressions">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 9. Functions and Operators">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 9. Functions and Operators</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="functions-range.html" title="9.20. Range/Multirange Functions and Operators">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="FUNCTIONS-ARRAY"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">9.19. Array Functions and Operators <a href="#FUNCTIONS-ARRAY" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
3 <a class="xref" href="functions-array.html#ARRAY-OPERATORS-TABLE" title="Table 9.56. Array Operators">Table 9.56</a> shows the specialized operators
4 available for array types.
5 In addition to those, the usual comparison operators shown in <a class="xref" href="functions-comparison.html#FUNCTIONS-COMPARISON-OP-TABLE" title="Table 9.1. Comparison Operators">Table 9.1</a> are available for
6 arrays. The comparison operators compare the array contents
7 element-by-element, using the default B-tree comparison function for
8 the element data type, and sort based on the first difference.
9 In multidimensional arrays the elements are visited in row-major order
10 (last subscript varies most rapidly).
11 If the contents of two arrays are equal but the dimensionality is
12 different, the first difference in the dimensionality information
13 determines the sort order.
14 </p><div class="table" id="ARRAY-OPERATORS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 9.56. Array Operators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Array Operators" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
22 </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
23 <code class="type">anyarray</code> <code class="literal">@></code> <code class="type">anyarray</code>
24 → <code class="returnvalue">boolean</code>
27 Does the first array contain the second, that is, does each element
28 appearing in the second array equal some element of the first array?
29 (Duplicates are not treated specially,
30 thus <code class="literal">ARRAY[1]</code> and <code class="literal">ARRAY[1,1]</code> are
31 each considered to contain the other.)
34 <code class="literal">ARRAY[1,4,3] @> ARRAY[3,1,3]</code>
35 → <code class="returnvalue">t</code>
36 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
37 <code class="type">anyarray</code> <code class="literal"><@</code> <code class="type">anyarray</code>
38 → <code class="returnvalue">boolean</code>
41 Is the first array contained by the second?
44 <code class="literal">ARRAY[2,2,7] <@ ARRAY[1,7,4,2,6]</code>
45 → <code class="returnvalue">t</code>
46 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
47 <code class="type">anyarray</code> <code class="literal">&&</code> <code class="type">anyarray</code>
48 → <code class="returnvalue">boolean</code>
51 Do the arrays overlap, that is, have any elements in common?
54 <code class="literal">ARRAY[1,4,3] && ARRAY[2,1]</code>
55 → <code class="returnvalue">t</code>
56 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
57 <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code> <code class="literal">||</code> <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>
58 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
61 Concatenates the two arrays. Concatenating a null or empty array is a
62 no-op; otherwise the arrays must have the same number of dimensions
63 (as illustrated by the first example) or differ in number of
64 dimensions by one (as illustrated by the second).
65 If the arrays are not of identical element types, they will be coerced
66 to a common type (see <a class="xref" href="typeconv-union-case.html" title="10.5. UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs">Section 10.5</a>).
69 <code class="literal">ARRAY[1,2,3] || ARRAY[4,5,6,7]</code>
70 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}</code>
73 <code class="literal">ARRAY[1,2,3] || ARRAY[[4,5,6],[7,8,9.9]]</code>
74 → <code class="returnvalue">{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9.9}}</code>
75 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
76 <code class="type">anycompatible</code> <code class="literal">||</code> <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>
77 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
80 Concatenates an element onto the front of an array (which must be
81 empty or one-dimensional).
84 <code class="literal">3 || ARRAY[4,5,6]</code>
85 → <code class="returnvalue">{3,4,5,6}</code>
86 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
87 <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code> <code class="literal">||</code> <code class="type">anycompatible</code>
88 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
91 Concatenates an element onto the end of an array (which must be
92 empty or one-dimensional).
95 <code class="literal">ARRAY[4,5,6] || 7</code>
96 → <code class="returnvalue">{4,5,6,7}</code>
97 </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
98 See <a class="xref" href="arrays.html" title="8.15. Arrays">Section 8.15</a> for more details about array operator
99 behavior. See <a class="xref" href="indexes-types.html" title="11.2. Index Types">Section 11.2</a> for more details about
100 which operators support indexed operations.
102 <a class="xref" href="functions-array.html#ARRAY-FUNCTIONS-TABLE" title="Table 9.57. Array Functions">Table 9.57</a> shows the functions
103 available for use with array types. See <a class="xref" href="arrays.html" title="8.15. Arrays">Section 8.15</a>
104 for more information and examples of the use of these functions.
105 </p><div class="table" id="ARRAY-FUNCTIONS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 9.57. Array Functions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Array Functions" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
113 </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
114 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.1.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
115 <code class="function">array_append</code> ( <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>, <code class="type">anycompatible</code> )
116 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
119 Appends an element to the end of an array (same as
120 the <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code> <code class="literal">||</code> <code class="type">anycompatible</code>
124 <code class="literal">array_append(ARRAY[1,2], 3)</code>
125 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,2,3}</code>
126 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
127 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.2.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
128 <code class="function">array_cat</code> ( <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>, <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code> )
129 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
132 Concatenates two arrays (same as
133 the <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code> <code class="literal">||</code> <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>
137 <code class="literal">array_cat(ARRAY[1,2,3], ARRAY[4,5])</code>
138 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,2,3,4,5}</code>
139 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
140 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.3.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
141 <code class="function">array_dims</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code> )
142 → <code class="returnvalue">text</code>
145 Returns a text representation of the array's dimensions.
148 <code class="literal">array_dims(ARRAY[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]])</code>
149 → <code class="returnvalue">[1:2][1:3]</code>
150 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
151 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.4.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
152 <code class="function">array_fill</code> ( <code class="type">anyelement</code>, <code class="type">integer[]</code>
153 [<span class="optional">, <code class="type">integer[]</code> </span>] )
154 → <code class="returnvalue">anyarray</code>
157 Returns an array filled with copies of the given value, having
158 dimensions of the lengths specified by the second argument.
159 The optional third argument supplies lower-bound values for each
160 dimension (which default to all <code class="literal">1</code>).
163 <code class="literal">array_fill(11, ARRAY[2,3])</code>
164 → <code class="returnvalue">{{11,11,11},{11,11,11}}</code>
167 <code class="literal">array_fill(7, ARRAY[3], ARRAY[2])</code>
168 → <code class="returnvalue">[2:4]={7,7,7}</code>
169 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
170 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.5.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
171 <code class="function">array_length</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <code class="type">integer</code> )
172 → <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
175 Returns the length of the requested array dimension.
176 (Produces NULL instead of 0 for empty or missing array dimensions.)
179 <code class="literal">array_length(array[1,2,3], 1)</code>
180 → <code class="returnvalue">3</code>
183 <code class="literal">array_length(array[]::int[], 1)</code>
184 → <code class="returnvalue">NULL</code>
187 <code class="literal">array_length(array['text'], 2)</code>
188 → <code class="returnvalue">NULL</code>
189 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
190 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.6.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
191 <code class="function">array_lower</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <code class="type">integer</code> )
192 → <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
195 Returns the lower bound of the requested array dimension.
198 <code class="literal">array_lower('[0:2]={1,2,3}'::integer[], 1)</code>
199 → <code class="returnvalue">0</code>
200 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
201 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.7.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
202 <code class="function">array_ndims</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code> )
203 → <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
206 Returns the number of dimensions of the array.
209 <code class="literal">array_ndims(ARRAY[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]])</code>
210 → <code class="returnvalue">2</code>
211 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
212 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.8.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
213 <code class="function">array_position</code> ( <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>, <code class="type">anycompatible</code> [<span class="optional">, <code class="type">integer</code> </span>] )
214 → <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
217 Returns the subscript of the first occurrence of the second argument
218 in the array, or <code class="literal">NULL</code> if it's not present.
219 If the third argument is given, the search begins at that subscript.
220 The array must be one-dimensional.
221 Comparisons are done using <code class="literal">IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code>
222 semantics, so it is possible to search for <code class="literal">NULL</code>.
225 <code class="literal">array_position(ARRAY['sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat'], 'mon')</code>
226 → <code class="returnvalue">2</code>
227 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
228 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.9.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
229 <code class="function">array_positions</code> ( <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>, <code class="type">anycompatible</code> )
230 → <code class="returnvalue">integer[]</code>
233 Returns an array of the subscripts of all occurrences of the second
234 argument in the array given as first argument.
235 The array must be one-dimensional.
236 Comparisons are done using <code class="literal">IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code>
237 semantics, so it is possible to search for <code class="literal">NULL</code>.
238 <code class="literal">NULL</code> is returned only if the array
239 is <code class="literal">NULL</code>; if the value is not found in the array, an
240 empty array is returned.
243 <code class="literal">array_positions(ARRAY['A','A','B','A'], 'A')</code>
244 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,2,4}</code>
245 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
246 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.10.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
247 <code class="function">array_prepend</code> ( <code class="type">anycompatible</code>, <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code> )
248 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
251 Prepends an element to the beginning of an array (same as
252 the <code class="type">anycompatible</code> <code class="literal">||</code> <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>
256 <code class="literal">array_prepend(1, ARRAY[2,3])</code>
257 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,2,3}</code>
258 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
259 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.11.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
260 <code class="function">array_remove</code> ( <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>, <code class="type">anycompatible</code> )
261 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
264 Removes all elements equal to the given value from the array.
265 The array must be one-dimensional.
266 Comparisons are done using <code class="literal">IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code>
267 semantics, so it is possible to remove <code class="literal">NULL</code>s.
270 <code class="literal">array_remove(ARRAY[1,2,3,2], 2)</code>
271 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,3}</code>
272 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
273 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.12.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
274 <code class="function">array_replace</code> ( <code class="type">anycompatiblearray</code>, <code class="type">anycompatible</code>, <code class="type">anycompatible</code> )
275 → <code class="returnvalue">anycompatiblearray</code>
278 Replaces each array element equal to the second argument with the
282 <code class="literal">array_replace(ARRAY[1,2,5,4], 5, 3)</code>
283 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,2,3,4}</code>
284 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
285 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.13.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
286 <code class="function">array_reverse</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code> )
287 → <code class="returnvalue">anyarray</code>
290 Reverses the first dimension of the array.
293 <code class="literal">array_reverse(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])</code>
294 → <code class="returnvalue">{{5,6},{3,4},{1,2}}</code>
295 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
296 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.14.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
297 <code class="function">array_sample</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code> )
298 → <code class="returnvalue">anyarray</code>
301 Returns an array of <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> items randomly selected
302 from <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em>. <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> may not
303 exceed the length of <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em>'s first dimension.
304 If <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> is multi-dimensional,
305 an <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">item</span>”</span> is a slice having a given first subscript.
308 <code class="literal">array_sample(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6], 3)</code>
309 → <code class="returnvalue">{2,6,1}</code>
312 <code class="literal">array_sample(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]], 2)</code>
313 → <code class="returnvalue">{{5,6},{1,2}}</code>
314 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
315 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.15.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
316 <code class="function">array_shuffle</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code> )
317 → <code class="returnvalue">anyarray</code>
320 Randomly shuffles the first dimension of the array.
323 <code class="literal">array_shuffle(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])</code>
324 → <code class="returnvalue">{{5,6},{1,2},{3,4}}</code>
325 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
326 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.16.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
327 <code class="function">array_sort</code> (
328 <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> <code class="type">anyarray</code>
329 [<span class="optional">, <em class="parameter"><code>descending</code></em> <code class="type">boolean</code>
330 [<span class="optional">, <em class="parameter"><code>nulls_first</code></em> <code class="type">boolean</code>
332 → <code class="returnvalue">anyarray</code>
335 Sorts the first dimension of the array.
336 The sort order is determined by the default sort ordering of the
337 array's element type; however, if the element type is collatable,
338 the collation to use can be specified by adding
339 a <code class="literal">COLLATE</code> clause to
340 the <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> argument.
343 If <em class="parameter"><code>descending</code></em> is true then sort in
344 descending order, otherwise ascending order. If omitted, the
345 default is ascending order.
346 If <em class="parameter"><code>nulls_first</code></em> is true then nulls appear
347 before non-null values, otherwise nulls appear after non-null
349 If omitted, <em class="parameter"><code>nulls_first</code></em> is taken to have
350 the same value as <em class="parameter"><code>descending</code></em>.
353 <code class="literal">array_sort(ARRAY[[2,4],[2,1],[6,5]])</code>
354 → <code class="returnvalue">{{2,1},{2,4},{6,5}}</code>
355 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
356 <a id="FUNCTION-ARRAY-TO-STRING" class="indexterm"></a>
357 <code class="function">array_to_string</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>delimiter</code></em> <code class="type">text</code> [<span class="optional">, <em class="parameter"><code>null_string</code></em> <code class="type">text</code> </span>] )
358 → <code class="returnvalue">text</code>
361 Converts each array element to its text representation, and
362 concatenates those separated by
363 the <em class="parameter"><code>delimiter</code></em> string.
364 If <em class="parameter"><code>null_string</code></em> is given and is
365 not <code class="literal">NULL</code>, then <code class="literal">NULL</code> array
366 entries are represented by that string; otherwise, they are omitted.
367 See also <a class="link" href="functions-string.html#FUNCTION-STRING-TO-ARRAY"><code class="function">string_to_array</code></a>.
370 <code class="literal">array_to_string(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, NULL, 5], ',', '*')</code>
371 → <code class="returnvalue">1,2,3,*,5</code>
372 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
373 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.18.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
374 <code class="function">array_upper</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <code class="type">integer</code> )
375 → <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
378 Returns the upper bound of the requested array dimension.
381 <code class="literal">array_upper(ARRAY[1,8,3,7], 1)</code>
382 → <code class="returnvalue">4</code>
383 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
384 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.19.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
385 <code class="function">cardinality</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code> )
386 → <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
389 Returns the total number of elements in the array, or 0 if the array
393 <code class="literal">cardinality(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]])</code>
394 → <code class="returnvalue">4</code>
395 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
396 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.20.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
397 <code class="function">trim_array</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>array</code></em> <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code> )
398 → <code class="returnvalue">anyarray</code>
401 Trims an array by removing the last <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> elements.
402 If the array is multidimensional, only the first dimension is trimmed.
405 <code class="literal">trim_array(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6], 2)</code>
406 → <code class="returnvalue">{1,2,3,4}</code>
407 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
408 <a id="id-1.5.8.25.6.2.2.21.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
409 <code class="function">unnest</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code> )
410 → <code class="returnvalue">setof anyelement</code>
413 Expands an array into a set of rows.
414 The array's elements are read out in storage order.
417 <code class="literal">unnest(ARRAY[1,2])</code>
418 → <code class="returnvalue"></code>
419 </p><pre class="programlisting">
425 <code class="literal">unnest(ARRAY[['foo','bar'],['baz','quux']])</code>
426 → <code class="returnvalue"></code>
427 </p><pre class="programlisting">
433 </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
434 <code class="function">unnest</code> ( <code class="type">anyarray</code>, <code class="type">anyarray</code> [<span class="optional">, ... </span>] )
435 → <code class="returnvalue">setof anyelement, anyelement [, ... ]</code>
438 Expands multiple arrays (possibly of different data types) into a set of
439 rows. If the arrays are not all the same length then the shorter ones
440 are padded with <code class="literal">NULL</code>s. This form is only allowed
441 in a query's FROM clause; see <a class="xref" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS" title="7.2.1.4. Table Functions">Section 7.2.1.4</a>.
444 <code class="literal">select * from unnest(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY['foo','bar','baz']) as x(a,b)</code>
445 → <code class="returnvalue"></code>
446 </p><pre class="programlisting">
453 </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
454 See also <a class="xref" href="functions-aggregate.html" title="9.21. Aggregate Functions">Section 9.21</a> about the aggregate
455 function <code class="function">array_agg</code> for use with arrays.
456 </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="functions-conditional.html" title="9.18. Conditional Expressions">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 9. Functions and Operators">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="functions-range.html" title="9.20. Range/Multirange Functions and Operators">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">9.18. Conditional Expressions </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 9.20. Range/Multirange Functions and Operators</td></tr></table></div></body></html>