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2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>54.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="protocol-replication.html" title="54.4. Streaming Replication Protocol" /><link rel="next" href="protocol-message-types.html" title="54.6. Message Data Types" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">54.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="protocol-replication.html" title="54.4. Streaming Replication Protocol">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="protocol.html" title="Chapter 54. Frontend/Backend Protocol">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 54. Frontend/Backend Protocol</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="protocol-message-types.html" title="54.6. Message Data Types">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-REPLICATION"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">54.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol <a href="#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-REPLICATION" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-REPLICATION-PARAMS">54.5.1. Logical Streaming Replication Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES">54.5.2. Logical Replication Protocol Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES-FLOW">54.5.3. Logical Replication Protocol Message Flow</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
3 This section describes the logical replication protocol, which is the message
4 flow started by the <code class="literal">START_REPLICATION</code>
5 <code class="literal">SLOT</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>slot_name</code></em>
6 <code class="literal">LOGICAL</code> replication command.
8 The logical streaming replication protocol builds on the primitives of
9 the physical streaming replication protocol.
11 <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> logical decoding supports output
12 plugins. <code class="literal">pgoutput</code> is the standard one used for
13 the built-in logical replication.
14 </p><div class="sect2" id="PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-REPLICATION-PARAMS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">54.5.1. Logical Streaming Replication Parameters <a href="#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-REPLICATION-PARAMS" class="id_link">#</a></h3></div></div></div><p>
15 Using the <code class="literal">START_REPLICATION</code> command,
16 <code class="literal">pgoutput</code> accepts the following options:
18 </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
21 Protocol version. Currently versions <code class="literal">1</code>, <code class="literal">2</code>,
22 <code class="literal">3</code>, and <code class="literal">4</code> are supported. A valid
25 Version <code class="literal">2</code> is supported only for server version 14
26 and above, and it allows streaming of large in-progress transactions.
28 Version <code class="literal">3</code> is supported only for server version 15
29 and above, and it allows streaming of two-phase commits.
31 Version <code class="literal">4</code> is supported only for server version 16
32 and above, and it allows streams of large in-progress transactions to
33 be applied in parallel.
34 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
37 Comma-separated list of publication names for which to subscribe
38 (receive changes). The individual publication names are treated
39 as standard objects names and can be quoted the same as needed.
40 At least one publication name is required.
41 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
44 Boolean option to use binary transfer mode. Binary mode is faster
45 than the text mode but slightly less robust.
46 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
49 Boolean option to enable sending the messages that are written
50 by <code class="function">pg_logical_emit_message</code>.
51 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
54 Option to enable streaming of in-progress transactions. Valid values are
55 <code class="literal">off</code> (the default), <code class="literal">on</code> and
56 <code class="literal">parallel</code>. The setting <code class="literal">parallel</code>
57 enables sending extra information with some messages to be used for
58 parallelization. Minimum protocol version 2 is required to turn it
59 <code class="literal">on</code>. Minimum protocol version 4 is required for the
60 <code class="literal">parallel</code> value.
61 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
64 Boolean option to enable two-phase transactions. Minimum protocol
65 version 3 is required to turn it on.
66 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
69 Option to send changes by their origin. Possible values are
70 <code class="literal">none</code> to only send the changes that have no origin
71 associated, or <code class="literal">any</code>
72 to send the changes regardless of their origin. This can be used
73 to avoid loops (infinite replication of the same data) among
75 </p></dd></dl></div><p>
77 </p></div><div class="sect2" id="PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">54.5.2. Logical Replication Protocol Messages <a href="#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES" class="id_link">#</a></h3></div></div></div><p>
78 The individual protocol messages are discussed in the following
79 subsections. Individual messages are described in
80 <a class="xref" href="protocol-logicalrep-message-formats.html" title="54.9. Logical Replication Message Formats">Section 54.9</a>.
82 All top-level protocol messages begin with a message type byte.
83 While represented in code as a character, this is a signed byte with no
86 Since the streaming replication protocol supplies a message length there
87 is no need for top-level protocol messages to embed a length in their
89 </p></div><div class="sect2" id="PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES-FLOW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">54.5.3. Logical Replication Protocol Message Flow <a href="#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES-FLOW" class="id_link">#</a></h3></div></div></div><p>
90 With the exception of the <code class="literal">START_REPLICATION</code> command and
91 the replay progress messages, all information flows only from the backend
94 The logical replication protocol sends individual transactions one by one.
95 This means that all messages between a pair of Begin and Commit messages
96 belong to the same transaction. Similarly, all messages between a pair of
97 Begin Prepare and Prepare messages belong to the same transaction.
98 It also sends changes of large in-progress transactions between a pair of
99 Stream Start and Stream Stop messages. The last stream of such a transaction
100 contains a Stream Commit or Stream Abort message.
102 Every sent transaction contains zero or more DML messages (Insert,
103 Update, Delete). In case of a cascaded setup it can also contain Origin
104 messages. The origin message indicates that the transaction originated on
105 different replication node. Since a replication node in the scope of logical
106 replication protocol can be pretty much anything, the only identifier
107 is the origin name. It's downstream's responsibility to handle this as
108 needed (if needed). The Origin message is always sent before any DML
109 messages in the transaction.
111 Every DML message contains a relation OID, identifying the publisher's
112 relation that was acted on. Before the first DML message for a given
113 relation OID, a Relation message will be sent, describing the schema of
114 that relation. Subsequently, a new Relation message will be sent if
115 the relation's definition has changed since the last Relation message
116 was sent for it. (The protocol assumes that the client is capable of
117 remembering this metadata for as many relations as needed.)
119 Relation messages identify column types by their OIDs. In the case
120 of a built-in type, it is assumed that the client can look up that
121 type OID locally, so no additional data is needed. For a non-built-in
122 type OID, a Type message will be sent before the Relation message,
123 to provide the type name associated with that OID. Thus, a client that
124 needs to specifically identify the types of relation columns should
125 cache the contents of Type messages, and first consult that cache to
126 see if the type OID is defined there. If not, look up the type OID
128 </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="protocol-replication.html" title="54.4. Streaming Replication Protocol">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="protocol.html" title="Chapter 54. Frontend/Backend Protocol">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="protocol-message-types.html" title="54.6. Message Data Types">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">54.4. Streaming Replication Protocol </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 54.6. Message Data Types</td></tr></table></div></body></html>