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2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>45.6. Examples</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="spi-visibility.html" title="45.5. Visibility of Data Changes" /><link rel="next" href="bgworker.html" title="Chapter 46. Background Worker Processes" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">45.6. Examples</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="spi-visibility.html" title="45.5. Visibility of Data Changes">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="spi.html" title="Chapter 45. Server Programming Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 45. Server Programming Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bgworker.html" title="Chapter 46. Background Worker Processes">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="SPI-EXAMPLES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">45.6. Examples <a href="#SPI-EXAMPLES" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
3 This section contains a very simple example of SPI usage. The
4 C function <code class="function">execq</code> takes an SQL command as its
5 first argument and a row count as its second, executes the command
6 using <code class="function">SPI_exec</code> and returns the number of rows
7 that were processed by the command. You can find more complex
8 examples for SPI in the source tree in
9 <code class="filename">src/test/regress/regress.c</code> and in the
10 <a class="xref" href="contrib-spi.html" title="F.41. spi — Server Programming Interface features/examples">spi</a> module.
11 </p><pre class="programlisting">
14 #include "executor/spi.h"
15 #include "utils/builtins.h"
19 PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(execq);
22 execq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
29 /* Convert given text object to a C string */
30 command = text_to_cstring(PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0));
31 cnt = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
35 ret = SPI_exec(command, cnt);
40 * If some rows were fetched, print them via elog(INFO).
42 if (ret > 0 && SPI_tuptable != NULL)
44 SPITupleTable *tuptable = SPI_tuptable;
45 TupleDesc tupdesc = tuptable->tupdesc;
49 for (j = 0; j < tuptable->numvals; j++)
51 HeapTuple tuple = tuptable->vals[j];
54 for (i = 1, buf[0] = 0; i <= tupdesc->natts; i++)
55 snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), " %s%s",
56 SPI_getvalue(tuple, tupdesc, i),
57 (i == tupdesc->natts) ? " " : " |");
58 elog(INFO, "EXECQ: %s", buf);
65 PG_RETURN_INT64(proc);
68 This is how you declare the function after having compiled it into
69 a shared library (details are in <a class="xref" href="xfunc-c.html#DFUNC" title="36.10.5. Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions">Section 36.10.5</a>.):
71 </p><pre class="programlisting">
72 CREATE FUNCTION execq(text, integer) RETURNS int8
73 AS '<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>'
77 Here is a sample session:
79 </p><pre class="programlisting">
80 => SELECT execq('CREATE TABLE a (x integer)', 0);
86 => INSERT INTO a VALUES (execq('INSERT INTO a VALUES (0)', 0));
88 => SELECT execq('SELECT * FROM a', 0);
89 INFO: EXECQ: 0 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- inserted by execq</span></em>
90 INFO: EXECQ: 1 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- returned by execq and inserted by upper INSERT</span></em>
97 => SELECT execq('INSERT INTO a SELECT x + 2 FROM a RETURNING *', 1);
98 INFO: EXECQ: 2 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- 0 + 2, then execution was stopped by count</span></em>
104 => SELECT execq('SELECT * FROM a', 10);
111 3 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- 10 is the max value only, 3 is the real number of rows</span></em>
114 => SELECT execq('INSERT INTO a SELECT x + 10 FROM a', 1);
117 3 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- all rows processed; count does not stop it, because nothing is returned</span></em>
120 => SELECT * FROM a;
133 => INSERT INTO a VALUES (execq('SELECT * FROM a', 0) + 1);
135 => SELECT * FROM a;
138 1 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- 0 (no rows in a) + 1</span></em>
141 => INSERT INTO a VALUES (execq('SELECT * FROM a', 0) + 1);
144 => SELECT * FROM a;
148 2 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- 1 (there was one row in a) + 1</span></em>
151 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- This demonstrates the data changes visibility rule.</span></em>
152 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- execq is called twice and sees different numbers of rows each time:</span></em>
154 => INSERT INTO a SELECT execq('SELECT * FROM a', 0) * x FROM a;
155 INFO: EXECQ: 1 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- results from first execq</span></em>
157 INFO: EXECQ: 1 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- results from second execq</span></em>
161 => SELECT * FROM a;
166 2 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- 2 rows * 1 (x in first row)</span></em>
167 6 <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">-- 3 rows (2 + 1 just inserted) * 2 (x in second row)</span></em>
170 </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="spi-visibility.html" title="45.5. Visibility of Data Changes">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="spi.html" title="Chapter 45. Server Programming Interface">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bgworker.html" title="Chapter 46. Background Worker Processes">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">45.5. Visibility of Data Changes </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 46. Background Worker Processes</td></tr></table></div></body></html>