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   2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="ecpg-sql-disconnect.html" title="DISCONNECT" /><link rel="next" href="ecpg-sql-get-descriptor.html" title="GET DESCRIPTOR" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ecpg-sql-disconnect.html" title="DISCONNECT">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="ecpg-sql-commands.html" title="34.14. Embedded SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">34.14. Embedded SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ecpg-sql-get-descriptor.html" title="GET DESCRIPTOR">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="ECPG-SQL-EXECUTE-IMMEDIATE"><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</h2><p>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE — dynamically prepare and execute a statement</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
   3 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em>
   4 </pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.7.5.20.10.3"><h2>Description</h2><p>
   5      <code class="command">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</code> immediately prepares and
   6      executes a dynamically specified SQL statement, without
   7      retrieving result rows.
   8     </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.7.5.20.10.4"><h2>Parameters</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="ECPG-SQL-EXECUTE-IMMEDIATE-STRING"><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em></span> <a href="#ECPG-SQL-EXECUTE-IMMEDIATE-STRING" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
   9         A literal string or a host variable containing the SQL
  10         statement to be executed.
  11        </p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.7.5.20.10.5"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
  12      In typical usage, the <em class="replaceable"><code>string</code></em> is a host
  13      variable reference to a string containing a dynamically-constructed
  14      SQL statement.  The case of a literal string is not very useful;
  15      you might as well just write the SQL statement directly, without
  16      the extra typing of <code class="command">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</code>.
  17     </p><p>
  18      If you do use a literal string, keep in mind that any double quotes
  19      you might wish to include in the SQL statement must be written as
  20      octal escapes (<code class="literal">\042</code>) not the usual C
  21      idiom <code class="literal">\"</code>.  This is because the string is inside
  22      an <code class="literal">EXEC SQL</code> section, so the ECPG lexer parses it
  23      according to SQL rules not C rules.  Any embedded backslashes will
  24      later be handled according to C rules; but <code class="literal">\"</code>
  25      causes an immediate syntax error because it is seen as ending the
  26      literal.
  27     </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.7.5.20.10.6"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
  28      Here is an example that executes an <code class="command">INSERT</code>
  29      statement using <code class="command">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</code> and a host
  30      variable named <code class="varname">command</code>:
  31 </p><pre class="programlisting">
  32 sprintf(command, "INSERT INTO test (name, amount, letter) VALUES ('db: ''r1''', 1, 'f')");
  33 EXEC SQL EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :command;
  34 </pre><p>
  35     </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.7.5.20.10.7"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
  36      <code class="command">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</code> is specified in the SQL standard.
  37     </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ecpg-sql-disconnect.html" title="DISCONNECT">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ecpg-sql-commands.html" title="34.14. Embedded SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ecpg-sql-get-descriptor.html" title="GET DESCRIPTOR">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">DISCONNECT </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> GET DESCRIPTOR</td></tr></table></div></body></html>