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2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>24.3. Log File Maintenance</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="routine-reindex.html" title="24.2. Routine Reindexing" /><link rel="next" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">24.3. Log File Maintenance</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="routine-reindex.html" title="24.2. Routine Reindexing">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="maintenance.html" title="Chapter 24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="LOGFILE-MAINTENANCE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">24.3. Log File Maintenance <a href="#LOGFILE-MAINTENANCE" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.11.12.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
3 It is a good idea to save the database server's log output
4 somewhere, rather than just discarding it via <code class="filename">/dev/null</code>.
5 The log output is invaluable when diagnosing
7 </p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
8 The server log can contain sensitive information and needs to be protected,
9 no matter how or where it is stored, or the destination to which it is routed.
10 For example, some DDL statements might contain plaintext passwords or other
11 authentication details. Logged statements at the <code class="literal">ERROR</code>
12 level might show the SQL source code for applications
13 and might also contain some parts of data rows. Recording data, events and
14 related information is the intended function of this facility, so this is
15 not a leakage or a bug. Please ensure the server logs are visible only to
16 appropriately authorized people.
18 Log output tends to be voluminous
19 (especially at higher debug levels) so you won't want to save it
20 indefinitely. You need to <span class="emphasis"><em>rotate</em></span> the log files so that
21 new log files are started and old ones removed after a reasonable
24 If you simply direct the <span class="systemitem">stderr</span> of
25 <code class="command">postgres</code> into a
26 file, you will have log output, but
27 the only way to truncate the log file is to stop and restart
28 the server. This might be acceptable if you are using
29 <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> in a development environment,
30 but few production servers would find this behavior acceptable.
32 A better approach is to send the server's
33 <span class="systemitem">stderr</span> output to some type of log rotation program.
34 There is a built-in log rotation facility, which you can use by
35 setting the configuration parameter <code class="varname">logging_collector</code> to
36 <code class="literal">true</code> in <code class="filename">postgresql.conf</code>. The control
37 parameters for this program are described in <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE" title="19.8.1. Where to Log">Section 19.8.1</a>. You can also use this approach
38 to capture the log data in machine readable <acronym class="acronym">CSV</acronym>
39 (comma-separated values) format.
41 Alternatively, you might prefer to use an external log rotation
42 program if you have one that you are already using with other
43 server software. For example, the <span class="application">rotatelogs</span>
44 tool included in the <span class="productname">Apache</span> distribution
45 can be used with <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>. One way to
46 do this is to pipe the server's
47 <span class="systemitem">stderr</span> output to the desired program.
48 If you start the server with
49 <code class="command">pg_ctl</code>, then <span class="systemitem">stderr</span>
50 is already redirected to <span class="systemitem">stdout</span>, so you just need a
51 pipe command, for example:
53 </p><pre class="programlisting">
54 pg_ctl start | rotatelogs /var/log/pgsql_log 86400
57 You can combine these approaches by setting up <span class="application">logrotate</span>
58 to collect log files produced by <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> built-in
59 logging collector. In this case, the logging collector defines the names and
60 location of the log files, while <span class="application">logrotate</span>
61 periodically archives these files. When initiating log rotation,
62 <span class="application">logrotate</span> must ensure that the application
63 sends further output to the new file. This is commonly done with a
64 <code class="literal">postrotate</code> script that sends a <code class="literal">SIGHUP</code>
65 signal to the application, which then reopens the log file.
66 In <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>, you can run <code class="command">pg_ctl</code>
67 with the <code class="literal">logrotate</code> option instead. When the server receives
68 this command, the server either switches to a new log file or reopens the
69 existing file, depending on the logging configuration
70 (see <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE" title="19.8.1. Where to Log">Section 19.8.1</a>).
71 </p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
72 When using static log file names, the server might fail to reopen the log
73 file if the max open file limit is reached or a file table overflow occurs.
74 In this case, log messages are sent to the old log file until a
75 successful log rotation. If <span class="application">logrotate</span> is
76 configured to compress the log file and delete it, the server may lose
77 the messages logged in this time frame. To avoid this issue, you can
78 configure the logging collector to dynamically assign log file names
79 and use a <code class="literal">prerotate</code> script to ignore open log files.
81 Another production-grade approach to managing log output is to
82 send it to <span class="application">syslog</span> and let
83 <span class="application">syslog</span> deal with file rotation. To do this, set the
84 configuration parameter <code class="varname">log_destination</code> to <code class="literal">syslog</code>
85 (to log to <span class="application">syslog</span> only) in
86 <code class="filename">postgresql.conf</code>. Then you can send a <code class="literal">SIGHUP</code>
87 signal to the <span class="application">syslog</span> daemon whenever you want to force it
88 to start writing a new log file. If you want to automate log
89 rotation, the <span class="application">logrotate</span> program can be
90 configured to work with log files from
91 <span class="application">syslog</span>.
93 On many systems, however, <span class="application">syslog</span> is not very reliable,
94 particularly with large log messages; it might truncate or drop messages
95 just when you need them the most. Also, on <span class="productname">Linux</span>,
96 <span class="application">syslog</span> will flush each message to disk, yielding poor
97 performance. (You can use a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">-</code></span>”</span> at the start of the file name
98 in the <span class="application">syslog</span> configuration file to disable syncing.)
100 Note that all the solutions described above take care of starting new
101 log files at configurable intervals, but they do not handle deletion
102 of old, no-longer-useful log files. You will probably want to set
103 up a batch job to periodically delete old log files. Another possibility
104 is to configure the rotation program so that old log files are overwritten
107 <a class="ulink" href="https://pgbadger.darold.net/" target="_top"><span class="productname">pgBadger</span></a>
108 is an external project that does sophisticated log file analysis.
109 <a class="ulink" href="https://bucardo.org/check_postgres/" target="_top"><span class="productname">check_postgres</span></a>
110 provides Nagios alerts when important messages appear in the log
111 files, as well as detection of many other extraordinary conditions.
112 </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="routine-reindex.html" title="24.2. Routine Reindexing">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="maintenance.html" title="Chapter 24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">24.2. Routine Reindexing </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</td></tr></table></div></body></html>