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2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_walsummary</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="pgwaldump.html" title="pg_waldump" /><link rel="next" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span class="application">pg_walsummary</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgwaldump.html" title="pg_waldump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGWALSUMMARY"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.15.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_walsummary</span></span></h2><p>pg_walsummary — print contents of WAL summary files</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.15.4.1"><code class="command">pg_walsummary</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.15.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>
3    <span class="application">pg_walsummary</span> is used to print the contents of
4    WAL summary files. These binary files are found with the
5    <code class="literal">pg_wal/summaries</code> subdirectory of the data directory,
6    and can be converted to text using this tool. This is not ordinarily
7    necessary, since WAL summary files primarily exist to support
8    <a class="link" href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-INCREMENTAL-BACKUP" title="25.3.3. Making an Incremental Backup">incremental backup</a>,
9    but it may be useful for debugging purposes.
10   </p><p>
11    A WAL summary file is indexed by tablespace OID, relation OID, and relation
12    fork. For each relation fork, it stores the list of blocks that were
13    modified by WAL within the range summarized in the file. It can also
14    store a "limit block," which is 0 if the relation fork was created or
15    truncated within the relevant WAL range, and otherwise the shortest length
16    to which the relation fork was truncated. If the relation fork was not
17    created, deleted, or truncated within the relevant WAL range, the limit
18    block is undefined or infinite and will not be printed by this tool.
19   </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.15.6"><h2>Options</h2><p>
20     </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-i</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--individual</code></span></dt><dd><p>
21         By default, <code class="literal">pg_walsummary</code> prints one line of output
22         for each range of one or more consecutive modified blocks. This can
23         make the output a lot briefer, since a relation where all blocks from
24         0 through 999 were modified will produce only one line of output rather
25         than 1000 separate lines. This option requests a separate line of
26         output for every modified block.
27        </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-q</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--quiet</code></span></dt><dd><p>
28         Do not print any output, except for errors. This can be useful
29         when you want to know whether a WAL summary file can be successfully
30         parsed but don't care about the contents.
31        </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-V</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--version</code></span></dt><dd><p>
32         Display version information, then exit.
33        </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-?</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--help</code></span></dt><dd><p>
34        Shows help about <span class="application">pg_walsummary</span> command line
35        arguments, and exits.
36        </p></dd></dl></div><p>
37    </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.15.7"><h2>Environment</h2><p>
38    The environment variable <code class="envar">PG_COLOR</code> specifies whether to use
39    color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are
40    <code class="literal">always</code>, <code class="literal">auto</code> and
41    <code class="literal">never</code>.
42   </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.15.8"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_basebackup</span></span></a>, <a class="xref" href="app-pgcombinebackup.html" title="pg_combinebackup"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_combinebackup</span></span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgwaldump.html" title="pg_waldump">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><span class="application">pg_waldump</span> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <span class="application">postgres</span></td></tr></table></div></body></html>