1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.2. Concepts</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="tutorial-sql-intro.html" title="2.1. Introduction" /><link rel="next" href="tutorial-table.html" title="2.3. Creating a New Table" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">2.2. Concepts</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="tutorial-sql-intro.html" title="2.1. Introduction">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="tutorial-sql.html" title="Chapter 2. The SQL Language">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 2. The <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Language</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="tutorial-table.html" title="2.3. Creating a New Table">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="TUTORIAL-CONCEPTS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">2.2. Concepts <a href="#TUTORIAL-CONCEPTS" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
3 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.2.1" class="indexterm"></a>
4 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.2.2" class="indexterm"></a>
5 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.2.3" class="indexterm"></a>
6 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.2.4" class="indexterm"></a>
7 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.2.5" class="indexterm"></a>
9 <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> is a <em class="firstterm">relational
10 database management system</em> (<acronym class="acronym">RDBMS</acronym>).
11 That means it is a system for managing data stored in
12 <em class="firstterm">relations</em>. Relation is essentially a
13 mathematical term for <em class="firstterm">table</em>. The notion of
14 storing data in tables is so commonplace today that it might
15 seem inherently obvious, but there are a number of other ways of
16 organizing databases. Files and directories on Unix-like
17 operating systems form an example of a hierarchical database. A
18 more modern development is the object-oriented database.
20 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.3.1" class="indexterm"></a>
21 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.3.2" class="indexterm"></a>
23 Each table is a named collection of <em class="firstterm">rows</em>.
24 Each row of a given table has the same set of named
25 <em class="firstterm">columns</em>,
26 and each column is of a specific data type. Whereas columns have
27 a fixed order in each row, it is important to remember that SQL
28 does not guarantee the order of the rows within the table in any
29 way (although they can be explicitly sorted for display).
31 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.4.1" class="indexterm"></a>
32 <a id="id-1.4.4.3.4.2" class="indexterm"></a>
34 Tables are grouped into databases, and a collection of databases
35 managed by a single <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server
36 instance constitutes a database <em class="firstterm">cluster</em>.
37 </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="tutorial-sql-intro.html" title="2.1. Introduction">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="tutorial-sql.html" title="Chapter 2. The SQL Language">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="tutorial-table.html" title="2.3. Creating a New Table">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">2.1. Introduction </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 2.3. Creating a New Table</td></tr></table></div></body></html>