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3 More than one function can be defined with the same SQL name, so long
4 as the arguments they take are different. In other words,
5 function names can be <em class="firstterm">overloaded</em>. Whether or not
6 you use it, this capability entails security precautions when calling
7 functions in databases where some users mistrust other users; see
8 <a class="xref" href="typeconv-func.html" title="10.3. Functions">Section 10.3</a>. When a query is executed, the server
9 will determine which function to call from the data types and the number
10 of the provided arguments. Overloading can also be used to simulate
11 functions with a variable number of arguments, up to a finite maximum
14 When creating a family of overloaded functions, one should be
15 careful not to create ambiguities. For instance, given the
17 </p><pre class="programlisting">
18 CREATE FUNCTION test(int, real) RETURNS ...
19 CREATE FUNCTION test(smallint, double precision) RETURNS ...
21 it is not immediately clear which function would be called with
22 some trivial input like <code class="literal">test(1, 1.5)</code>. The
23 currently implemented resolution rules are described in
24 <a class="xref" href="typeconv.html" title="Chapter 10. Type Conversion">Chapter 10</a>, but it is unwise to design a system that subtly
25 relies on this behavior.
27 A function that takes a single argument of a composite type should
28 generally not have the same name as any attribute (field) of that type.
29 Recall that <code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>attribute</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em>)</code>
30 is considered equivalent
31 to <code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em>.<em class="replaceable"><code>attribute</code></em></code>.
32 In the case that there is an
33 ambiguity between a function on a composite type and an attribute of
34 the composite type, the attribute will always be used. It is possible
35 to override that choice by schema-qualifying the function name
36 (that is, <code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>schema</code></em>.<em class="replaceable"><code>func</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em>)
37 </code>) but it's better to
38 avoid the problem by not choosing conflicting names.
40 Another possible conflict is between variadic and non-variadic functions.
41 For instance, it is possible to create both <code class="literal">foo(numeric)</code> and
42 <code class="literal">foo(VARIADIC numeric[])</code>. In this case it is unclear which one
43 should be matched to a call providing a single numeric argument, such as
44 <code class="literal">foo(10.1)</code>. The rule is that the function appearing
45 earlier in the search path is used, or if the two functions are in the
46 same schema, the non-variadic one is preferred.
48 When overloading C-language functions, there is an additional
49 constraint: The C name of each function in the family of
50 overloaded functions must be different from the C names of all
51 other functions, either internal or dynamically loaded. If this
52 rule is violated, the behavior is not portable. You might get a
53 run-time linker error, or one of the functions will get called
54 (usually the internal one). The alternative form of the
55 <code class="literal">AS</code> clause for the SQL <code class="command">CREATE
56 FUNCTION</code> command decouples the SQL function name from
57 the function name in the C source code. For instance:
58 </p><pre class="programlisting">
59 CREATE FUNCTION test(int) RETURNS int
60 AS '<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>', 'test_1arg'
62 CREATE FUNCTION test(int, int) RETURNS int
63 AS '<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>', 'test_2arg'
66 The names of the C functions here reflect one of many possible conventions.
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