Include links to all subsection html pages, with shorter paths too

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# PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation - Comprehensive Table of Contents

*Automatically generated from the PostgreSQL 18.0 HTML documentation*

**Location:** `full-docs/src/sgml/html/`

---

- **[PostgreSQL 18.0 Documentation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/index.html)**
  - [Preface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/preface.html)
  - [1.  What Is PostgreSQL?](full-docs/src/sgml/html/intro-whatis.html)
  - [2. A Brief History of PostgreSQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/history.html)
  - [3. Conventions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/notation.html)
  - [4. Further Information](full-docs/src/sgml/html/resources.html)
  - [5. Bug Reporting Guidelines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bug-reporting.html)
  - [I. Tutorial](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial.html)
  - [1. Getting Started](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-start.html)
  - [2. The SQL Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-sql.html)
  - [3. Advanced Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-advanced.html)
  - [II. The SQL Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql.html)
  - [4. SQL Syntax](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-syntax.html)
  - [5. Data Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl.html)
  - [6. Data Manipulation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dml.html)
  - [7. Queries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries.html)
  - [8. Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype.html)
  - [9. Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions.html)
  - [10. Type Conversion](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv.html)
  - [11. Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes.html)
  - [12. Full Text Search](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch.html)
  - [13. Concurrency Control](full-docs/src/sgml/html/mvcc.html)
  - [14. Performance Tips](full-docs/src/sgml/html/performance-tips.html)
  - [15. Parallel Query](full-docs/src/sgml/html/parallel-query.html)
  - [III. Server Administration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/admin.html)
  - [16. Installation from Binaries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-binaries.html)
  - [17. Installation from Source Code](full-docs/src/sgml/html/installation.html)
  - [18. Server Setup and Operation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime.html)
  - [19. Server Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config.html)
  - [20. Client Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/client-authentication.html)
  - [21. Database Roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/user-manag.html)
  - [22. Managing Databases](full-docs/src/sgml/html/managing-databases.html)
  - [23. Localization](full-docs/src/sgml/html/charset.html)
  - [24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/maintenance.html)
  - [25. Backup and Restore](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup.html)
  - [26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/high-availability.html)
  - [27. Monitoring Database Activity](full-docs/src/sgml/html/monitoring.html)
  - [28. Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal.html)
  - [29. Logical Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication.html)
  - [30. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/jit.html)
  - [31. Regression Tests](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress.html)
  - [IV. Client Interfaces](full-docs/src/sgml/html/client-interfaces.html)
  - [32. libpq — C Library](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq.html)
  - [33. Large Objects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/largeobjects.html)
  - [34. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg.html)
  - [35. The Information Schema](full-docs/src/sgml/html/information-schema.html)
  - [V. Server Programming](full-docs/src/sgml/html/server-programming.html)
  - [36. Extending SQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/extend.html)
  - [37. Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/triggers.html)
  - [38. Event Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-triggers.html)
  - [39. The Rule System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules.html)
  - [40. Procedural Languages](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xplang.html)
  - [41. PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql.html)
  - [42. PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl.html)
  - [43. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl.html)
  - [44. PL/Python — Python Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython.html)
  - [45. Server Programming Interface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi.html)
  - [46. Background Worker Processes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bgworker.html)
  - [47. Logical Decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding.html)
  - [48. Replication Progress Tracking](full-docs/src/sgml/html/replication-origins.html)
  - [49. Archive Modules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/archive-modules.html)
  - [50. OAuth Validator Modules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validators.html)
  - [VI. Reference](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference.html)
  - [I. SQL Commands](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-commands.html)
  - [II. PostgreSQL Client Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference-client.html)
  - [III. PostgreSQL Server Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference-server.html)
  - [VII. Internals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/internals.html)
  - [51. Overview of PostgreSQL Internals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/overview.html)
  - [52. System Catalogs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalogs.html)
  - [53. System Views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/views.html)
  - [54. Frontend/Backend Protocol](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol.html)
  - [55. PostgreSQL Coding Conventions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/source.html)
  - [56. Native Language Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls.html)
  - [57. Writing a Procedural Language Handler](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plhandler.html)
  - [58. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdwhandler.html)
  - [59. Writing a Table Sampling Method](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tablesample-method.html)
  - [60. Writing a Custom Scan Provider](full-docs/src/sgml/html/custom-scan.html)
  - [61. Genetic Query Optimizer](full-docs/src/sgml/html/geqo.html)
  - [62. Table Access Method Interface Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tableam.html)
  - [63. Index Access Method Interface Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexam.html)
  - [64. Write Ahead Logging for Extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-for-extensions.html)
  - [65. Built-in Index Access Methods](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indextypes.html)
  - [66. Database Physical Storage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage.html)
  - [67. Transaction Processing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/transactions.html)
  - [68. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bki.html)
  - [69. How the Planner Uses Statistics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/planner-stats-details.html)
  - [70. Backup Manifest Format](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-manifest-format.html)
  - [VIII. Appendixes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/appendixes.html)
  - [A. PostgreSQL Error Codes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/errcodes-appendix.html)
  - [B. Date/Time Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-appendix.html)
  - [C. SQL Key Words](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-keywords-appendix.html)
  - [D. SQL Conformance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/features.html)
  - [E. Release Notes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/release.html)
  - [F. Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib.html)
  - [G. Additional Supplied Programs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib-prog.html)
  - [H. External Projects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/external-projects.html)
  - [I. The Source Code Repository](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sourcerepo.html)
  - [J. Documentation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide.html)
  - [K. PostgreSQL Limits](full-docs/src/sgml/html/limits.html)
  - [L. Acronyms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/acronyms.html)
  - [M. Glossary](full-docs/src/sgml/html/glossary.html)
  - [N. Color Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/color.html)
  - [O. Obsolete or Renamed Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/appendix-obsolete.html)
  - [Bibliography](full-docs/src/sgml/html/biblio.html)
  - [Index](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bookindex.html)

  - **[Preface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/preface.html)**
    - **[1.  What Is PostgreSQL?](full-docs/src/sgml/html/intro-whatis.html)**
    - **[2. A Brief History of PostgreSQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/history.html)**
      - [2.1. The Berkeley POSTGRES Project](full-docs/src/sgml/html/history.html#HISTORY-BERKELEY)
      - [2.2. Postgres95](full-docs/src/sgml/html/history.html#HISTORY-POSTGRES95)
      - [2.3. PostgreSQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/history.html#HISTORY-POSTGRESQL)
      - [#](full-docs/src/sgml/html/#HISTORY-BERKELEY)
    - **[3. Conventions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/notation.html)**
    - **[4. Further Information](full-docs/src/sgml/html/resources.html)**
    - **[5. Bug Reporting Guidelines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bug-reporting.html)**
      - [5.1. Identifying Bugs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bug-reporting.html#BUG-REPORTING-IDENTIFYING-BUGS)
      - [5.2. What to Report](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bug-reporting.html#BUG-REPORTING-WHAT-TO-REPORT)
      - [5.3. Where to Report Bugs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bug-reporting.html#BUG-REPORTING-WHERE-TO-REPORT-BUGS)
      - [#](full-docs/src/sgml/html/#BUG-REPORTING-IDENTIFYING-BUGS)

  - **[Part I. Tutorial](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial.html)**
    - [1. Getting Started](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-start.html)
    - [1.1. Installation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-install.html)
    - [1.2. Architectural Fundamentals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-arch.html)
    - [1.3. Creating a Database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-createdb.html)
    - [1.4. Accessing a Database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-accessdb.html)
    - [2. The SQL Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-sql.html)
    - [2.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-sql-intro.html)
    - [2.2. Concepts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-concepts.html)
    - [2.3. Creating a New Table](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-table.html)
    - [2.4. Populating a Table With Rows](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-populate.html)
    - [2.5. Querying a Table](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-select.html)
    - [2.6. Joins Between Tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-join.html)
    - [2.7. Aggregate Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-agg.html)
    - [2.8. Updates](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-update.html)
    - [2.9. Deletions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-delete.html)
    - [3. Advanced Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-advanced.html)
    - [3.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-advanced-intro.html)
    - [3.2. Views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-views.html)
    - [3.3. Foreign Keys](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-fk.html)
    - [3.4. Transactions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-transactions.html)
    - [3.5. Window Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-window.html)
    - [3.6. Inheritance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-inheritance.html)
    - [3.7. Conclusion](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-conclusion.html)
    - **[Chapter 1. Getting Started](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-start.html)**
      - [1.1. Installation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-install.html)
      - [1.2. Architectural Fundamentals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-arch.html)
      - [1.3. Creating a Database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-createdb.html)
      - [1.4. Accessing a Database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-accessdb.html)
    - **[Chapter 2. The SQL Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-sql.html)**
      - [2.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-sql-intro.html)
      - [2.2. Concepts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-concepts.html)
      - [2.3. Creating a New Table](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-table.html)
      - [2.4. Populating a Table With Rows](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-populate.html)
      - [2.5. Querying a Table](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-select.html)
      - [2.6. Joins Between Tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-join.html)
      - [2.7. Aggregate Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-agg.html)
      - [2.8. Updates](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-update.html)
      - [2.9. Deletions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-delete.html)
    - **[Chapter 3. Advanced Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-advanced.html)**
      - [3.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-advanced-intro.html)
      - [3.2. Views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-views.html)
      - [3.3. Foreign Keys](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-fk.html)
      - [3.4. Transactions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-transactions.html)
      - [3.5. Window Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-window.html)
      - [3.6. Inheritance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-inheritance.html)
      - [3.7. Conclusion](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tutorial-conclusion.html)

  - **[Part II. The SQL Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql.html)**
    - [4. SQL Syntax](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-syntax.html)
    - [4.1. Lexical Structure](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-syntax-lexical.html)
    - [4.2. Value Expressions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-expressions.html)
    - [4.3. Calling Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html)
    - [5. Data Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl.html)
    - [5.1. Table Basics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-basics.html)
    - [5.2. Default Values](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-default.html)
    - [5.3. Identity Columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-identity-columns.html)
    - [5.4. Generated Columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-generated-columns.html)
    - [5.5. Constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-constraints.html)
    - [5.6. System Columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-system-columns.html)
    - [5.7. Modifying Tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-alter.html)
    - [5.8. Privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-priv.html)
    - [5.9. Row Security Policies](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-rowsecurity.html)
    - [5.10. Schemas](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-schemas.html)
    - [5.11. Inheritance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-inherit.html)
    - [5.12. Table Partitioning](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-partitioning.html)
    - [5.13. Foreign Data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-foreign-data.html)
    - [5.14. Other Database Objects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-others.html)
    - [5.15. Dependency Tracking](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl-depend.html)
    - [6. Data Manipulation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dml.html)
    - [6.1. Inserting Data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dml-insert.html)
    - [6.2. Updating Data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dml-update.html)
    - [6.3. Deleting Data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dml-delete.html)
    - [6.4. Returning Data from Modified Rows](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dml-returning.html)
    - [7. Queries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries.html)
    - [7.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-overview.html)
    - [7.2. Table Expressions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-table-expressions.html)
    - [7.3. Select Lists](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-select-lists.html)
    - [7.4. Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-union.html)
    - [7.5. Sorting Rows (ORDER BY)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-order.html)
    - [7.6. LIMIT and OFFSET](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-limit.html)
    - [7.7. VALUES Lists](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-values.html)
    - [7.8. WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries-with.html)
    - [8. Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype.html)
    - [8.1. Numeric Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-numeric.html)
    - [8.2. Monetary Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-money.html)
    - [8.3. Character Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-character.html)
    - [8.4. Binary Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-binary.html)
    - [8.5. Date/Time Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-datetime.html)
    - [8.6. Boolean Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-boolean.html)
    - [8.7. Enumerated Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-enum.html)
    - [8.8. Geometric Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html)
    - [8.9. Network Address Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-net-types.html)
    - [8.10. Bit String Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-bit.html)
    - [8.11. Text Search Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-textsearch.html)
    - [8.12. UUID Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-uuid.html)
    - [8.13. XML Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-xml.html)
    - [8.14. JSON Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html)
    - [8.15. Arrays](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html)
    - [8.16. Composite Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html)
    - [8.17. Range Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html)
    - [8.18. Domain Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/domains.html)
    - [8.19. Object Identifier Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-oid.html)
    - [8.20. pg_lsn Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-pg-lsn.html)
    - [8.21. Pseudo-Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-pseudo.html)
    - [9. Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions.html)
    - [9.1. Logical Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-logical.html)
    - [9.2. Comparison Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-comparison.html)
    - [9.3. Mathematical Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-math.html)
    - [9.4. String Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-string.html)
    - [9.5. Binary String Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-binarystring.html)
    - [9.6. Bit String Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-bitstring.html)
    - [9.7. Pattern Matching](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-matching.html)
    - [9.8. Data Type Formatting Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-formatting.html)
    - [9.9. Date/Time Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-datetime.html)
    - [9.10. Enum Support Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-enum.html)
    - [9.11. Geometric Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-geometry.html)
    - [9.12. Network Address Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-net.html)
    - [9.13. Text Search Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-textsearch.html)
    - [9.14. UUID Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-uuid.html)
    - [9.15. XML Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-xml.html)
    - [9.16. JSON Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-json.html)
    - [9.17. Sequence Manipulation Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-sequence.html)
    - [9.18. Conditional Expressions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-conditional.html)
    - [9.19. Array Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-array.html)
    - [9.20. Range/Multirange Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-range.html)
    - [9.21. Aggregate Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-aggregate.html)
    - [9.22. Window Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-window.html)
    - [9.23. Merge Support Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-merge-support.html)
    - [9.24. Subquery Expressions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-subquery.html)
    - [9.25. Row and Array Comparisons](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-comparisons.html)
    - [9.26. Set Returning Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-srf.html)
    - [9.27. System Information Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-info.html)
    - [9.28. System Administration Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-admin.html)
    - [9.29. Trigger Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-trigger.html)
    - [9.30. Event Trigger Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-event-triggers.html)
    - [9.31. Statistics Information Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions-statistics.html)
    - [10. Type Conversion](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv.html)
    - [10.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv-overview.html)
    - [10.2. Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv-oper.html)
    - [10.3. Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv-func.html)
    - [10.4. Value Storage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv-query.html)
    - [10.5. UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv-union-case.html)
    - [10.6. SELECT Output Columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv-select.html)
    - [11. Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes.html)
    - [11.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-intro.html)
    - [11.2. Index Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-types.html)
    - [11.3. Multicolumn Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-multicolumn.html)
    - [11.4. Indexes and ORDER BY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-ordering.html)
    - [11.5. Combining Multiple Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-bitmap-scans.html)
    - [11.6. Unique Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-unique.html)
    - [11.7. Indexes on Expressions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-expressional.html)
    - [11.8. Partial Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-partial.html)
    - [11.9. Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-index-only-scans.html)
    - [11.10. Operator Classes and Operator Families](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-opclass.html)
    - [11.11. Indexes and Collations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-collations.html)
    - [11.12. Examining Index Usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes-examine.html)
    - [12. Full Text Search](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch.html)
    - [12.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-intro.html)
    - [12.2. Tables and Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-tables.html)
    - [12.3. Controlling Text Search](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-controls.html)
    - [12.4. Additional Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-features.html)
    - [12.5. Parsers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-parsers.html)
    - [12.6. Dictionaries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-dictionaries.html)
    - [12.7. Configuration Example](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-configuration.html)
    - [12.8. Testing and Debugging Text Search](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-debugging.html)
    - [12.9. Preferred Index Types for Text Search](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-indexes.html)
    - [12.10. psql Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-psql.html)
    - [12.11. Limitations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch-limitations.html)
    - [13. Concurrency Control](full-docs/src/sgml/html/mvcc.html)
    - [13.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/mvcc-intro.html)
    - [13.2. Transaction Isolation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/transaction-iso.html)
    - [13.3. Explicit Locking](full-docs/src/sgml/html/explicit-locking.html)
    - [13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level](full-docs/src/sgml/html/applevel-consistency.html)
    - [13.5. Serialization Failure Handling](full-docs/src/sgml/html/mvcc-serialization-failure-handling.html)
    - [13.6. Caveats](full-docs/src/sgml/html/mvcc-caveats.html)
    - [13.7. Locking and Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/locking-indexes.html)
    - [14. Performance Tips](full-docs/src/sgml/html/performance-tips.html)
    - [14.1. Using EXPLAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/using-explain.html)
    - [14.2. Statistics Used by the Planner](full-docs/src/sgml/html/planner-stats.html)
    - [14.3. Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses](full-docs/src/sgml/html/explicit-joins.html)
    - [14.4. Populating a Database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/populate.html)
    - [14.5. Non-Durable Settings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/non-durability.html)
    - [15. Parallel Query](full-docs/src/sgml/html/parallel-query.html)
    - [15.1. How Parallel Query Works](full-docs/src/sgml/html/how-parallel-query-works.html)
    - [15.2. When Can Parallel Query Be Used?](full-docs/src/sgml/html/when-can-parallel-query-be-used.html)
    - [15.3. Parallel Plans](full-docs/src/sgml/html/parallel-plans.html)
    - [15.4. Parallel Safety](full-docs/src/sgml/html/parallel-safety.html)
    - **[Chapter 4. SQL Syntax](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-syntax.html)**
    - **[Chapter 5. Data Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ddl.html)**
    - **[Chapter 6. Data Manipulation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dml.html)**
    - **[Chapter 7. Queries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/queries.html)**
    - **[Chapter 8. Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype.html)**
      - [8.1. Numeric Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-numeric.html)
      - [8.1.1. Integer Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-INT)
      - [8.1.2. Arbitrary Precision Numbers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL)
      - [8.1.3. Floating-Point Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT)
      - [8.1.4. Serial Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL)
      - [8.2. Monetary Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-money.html)
      - [8.3. Character Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-character.html)
      - [8.4. Binary Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-binary.html)
      - [8.4.1. bytea Hex Format](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-binary.html#DATATYPE-BINARY-BYTEA-HEX-FORMAT)
      - [8.4.2. bytea Escape Format](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-binary.html#DATATYPE-BINARY-BYTEA-ESCAPE-FORMAT)
      - [8.5. Date/Time Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-datetime.html)
      - [8.5.1. Date/Time Input](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-DATETIME-INPUT)
      - [8.5.2. Date/Time Output](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-DATETIME-OUTPUT)
      - [8.5.3. Time Zones](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-TIMEZONES)
      - [8.5.4. Interval Input](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-INTERVAL-INPUT)
      - [8.5.5. Interval Output](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-INTERVAL-OUTPUT)
      - [8.6. Boolean Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-boolean.html)
      - [8.7. Enumerated Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-enum.html)
      - [8.7.1. Declaration of Enumerated Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-enum.html#DATATYPE-ENUM-DECLARATION)
      - [8.7.2. Ordering](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-enum.html#DATATYPE-ENUM-ORDERING)
      - [8.7.3. Type Safety](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-enum.html#DATATYPE-ENUM-TYPE-SAFETY)
      - [8.7.4. Implementation Details](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-enum.html#DATATYPE-ENUM-IMPLEMENTATION-DETAILS)
      - [8.8. Geometric Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html)
      - [8.8.1. Points](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-GEOMETRIC-POINTS)
      - [8.8.2. Lines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LINE)
      - [8.8.3. Line Segments](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LSEG)
      - [8.8.4. Boxes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-GEOMETRIC-BOXES)
      - [8.8.5. Paths](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-GEOMETRIC-PATHS)
      - [8.8.6. Polygons](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-POLYGON)
      - [8.8.7. Circles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-CIRCLE)
      - [8.9. Network Address Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-net-types.html)
      - [8.9.1. inet](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-INET)
      - [8.9.2. cidr](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-CIDR)
      - [8.9.3. inet vs. cidr](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-INET-VS-CIDR)
      - [8.9.4. macaddr](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-MACADDR)
      - [8.9.5. macaddr8](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-MACADDR8)
      - [8.10. Bit String Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-bit.html)
      - [8.11. Text Search Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-textsearch.html)
      - [8.11.1. tsvector](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-textsearch.html#DATATYPE-TSVECTOR)
      - [8.11.2. tsquery](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-textsearch.html#DATATYPE-TSQUERY)
      - [8.12. UUID Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-uuid.html)
      - [8.13. XML Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-xml.html)
      - [8.13.1. Creating XML Values](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-xml.html#DATATYPE-XML-CREATING)
      - [8.13.2. Encoding Handling](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-xml.html#DATATYPE-XML-ENCODING-HANDLING)
      - [8.13.3. Accessing XML Values](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-xml.html#DATATYPE-XML-ACCESSING-XML-VALUES)
      - [8.14. JSON Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html)
      - [8.14.1. JSON Input and Output Syntax](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html#JSON-KEYS-ELEMENTS)
      - [8.14.2. Designing JSON Documents](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html#JSON-DOC-DESIGN)
      - [8.14.3. jsonb Containment and Existence](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html#JSON-CONTAINMENT)
      - [8.14.4. jsonb Indexing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html#JSON-INDEXING)
      - [8.14.5. jsonb Subscripting](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html#JSONB-SUBSCRIPTING)
      - [8.14.6. Transforms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html#DATATYPE-JSON-TRANSFORMS)
      - [8.14.7. jsonpath Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-json.html#DATATYPE-JSONPATH)
      - [8.15. Arrays](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html)
      - [8.15.1. Declaration of Array Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html#ARRAYS-DECLARATION)
      - [8.15.2. Array Value Input](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html#ARRAYS-INPUT)
      - [8.15.3. Accessing Arrays](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html#ARRAYS-ACCESSING)
      - [8.15.4. Modifying Arrays](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html#ARRAYS-MODIFYING)
      - [8.15.5. Searching in Arrays](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html#ARRAYS-SEARCHING)
      - [8.15.6. Array Input and Output Syntax](full-docs/src/sgml/html/arrays.html#ARRAYS-IO)
      - [8.16. Composite Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html)
      - [8.16.1. Declaration of Composite Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-DECLARING)
      - [8.16.2. Constructing Composite Values](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-CONSTRUCTING)
      - [8.16.3. Accessing Composite Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-ACCESSING)
      - [8.16.4. Modifying Composite Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-MODIFYING)
      - [8.16.5. Using Composite Types in Queries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-USAGE)
      - [8.16.6. Composite Type Input and Output Syntax](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-IO-SYNTAX)
      - [8.17. Range Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html)
      - [8.17.1. Built-in Range and Multirange Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-BUILTIN)
      - [8.17.2. Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-EXAMPLES)
      - [8.17.3. Inclusive and Exclusive Bounds](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-INCLUSIVITY)
      - [8.17.4. Infinite (Unbounded) Ranges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-INFINITE)
      - [8.17.5. Range Input/Output](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-IO)
      - [8.17.6. Constructing Ranges and Multiranges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-CONSTRUCT)
      - [8.17.7. Discrete Range Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-DISCRETE)
      - [8.17.8. Defining New Range Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-DEFINING)
      - [8.17.9. Indexing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-INDEXING)
      - [8.17.10. Constraints on Ranges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-CONSTRAINT)
      - [8.18. Domain Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/domains.html)
      - [8.19. Object Identifier Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-oid.html)
      - [8.20. pg_lsn Type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-pg-lsn.html)
      - [8.21. Pseudo-Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datatype-pseudo.html)
    - **[Chapter 9. Functions and Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/functions.html)**
    - **[Chapter 10. Type Conversion](full-docs/src/sgml/html/typeconv.html)**
    - **[Chapter 11. Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexes.html)**
    - **[Chapter 12. Full Text Search](full-docs/src/sgml/html/textsearch.html)**
    - **[Chapter 13. Concurrency Control](full-docs/src/sgml/html/mvcc.html)**
    - **[Chapter 14. Performance Tips](full-docs/src/sgml/html/performance-tips.html)**
    - **[Chapter 15. Parallel Query](full-docs/src/sgml/html/parallel-query.html)**

  - **[Part III. Server Administration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/admin.html)**
    - [16. Installation from Binaries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-binaries.html)
    - [17. Installation from Source Code](full-docs/src/sgml/html/installation.html)
    - [17.1. Requirements](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-requirements.html)
    - [17.2. Getting the Source](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-getsource.html)
    - [17.3. Building and Installation with Autoconf and Make](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-make.html)
    - [17.4. Building and Installation with Meson](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-meson.html)
    - [17.5. Post-Installation Setup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-post.html)
    - [17.6. Supported Platforms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/supported-platforms.html)
    - [17.7. Platform-Specific Notes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/installation-platform-notes.html)
    - [18. Server Setup and Operation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime.html)
    - [18.1. The PostgreSQL User Account](full-docs/src/sgml/html/postgres-user.html)
    - [18.2. Creating a Database Cluster](full-docs/src/sgml/html/creating-cluster.html)
    - [18.3. Starting the Database Server](full-docs/src/sgml/html/server-start.html)
    - [18.4. Managing Kernel Resources](full-docs/src/sgml/html/kernel-resources.html)
    - [18.5. Shutting Down the Server](full-docs/src/sgml/html/server-shutdown.html)
    - [18.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](full-docs/src/sgml/html/upgrading.html)
    - [18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/preventing-server-spoofing.html)
    - [18.8. Encryption Options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/encryption-options.html)
    - [18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ssl-tcp.html)
    - [18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gssapi-enc.html)
    - [18.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ssh-tunnels.html)
    - [18.12. Registering Event Log on Windows](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-log-registration.html)
    - [19. Server Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config.html)
    - [19.1. Setting Parameters](full-docs/src/sgml/html/config-setting.html)
    - [19.2. File Locations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-file-locations.html)
    - [19.3. Connections and Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-connection.html)
    - [19.4. Resource Consumption](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-resource.html)
    - [19.5. Write Ahead Log](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-wal.html)
    - [19.6. Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-replication.html)
    - [19.7. Query Planning](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-query.html)
    - [19.8. Error Reporting and Logging](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-logging.html)
    - [19.9. Run-time Statistics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-statistics.html)
    - [19.10. Vacuuming](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-vacuum.html)
    - [19.11. Client Connection Defaults](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-client.html)
    - [19.12. Lock Management](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-locks.html)
    - [19.13. Version and Platform Compatibility](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-compatible.html)
    - [19.14. Error Handling](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-error-handling.html)
    - [19.15. Preset Options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-preset.html)
    - [19.16. Customized Options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-custom.html)
    - [19.17. Developer Options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-developer.html)
    - [19.18. Short Options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config-short.html)
    - [20. Client Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/client-authentication.html)
    - [20.1. The pg_hba.conf File](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-pg-hba-conf.html)
    - [20.2. User Name Maps](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-username-maps.html)
    - [20.3. Authentication Methods](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-methods.html)
    - [20.4. Trust Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-trust.html)
    - [20.5. Password Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-password.html)
    - [20.6. GSSAPI Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gssapi-auth.html)
    - [20.7. SSPI Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sspi-auth.html)
    - [20.8. Ident Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-ident.html)
    - [20.9. Peer Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-peer.html)
    - [20.10. LDAP Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-ldap.html)
    - [20.11. RADIUS Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-radius.html)
    - [20.12. Certificate Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-cert.html)
    - [20.13. PAM Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-pam.html)
    - [20.14. BSD Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-bsd.html)
    - [20.15. OAuth Authorization/Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-oauth.html)
    - [20.16. Authentication Problems](full-docs/src/sgml/html/client-authentication-problems.html)
    - [21. Database Roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/user-manag.html)
    - [21.1. Database Roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/database-roles.html)
    - [21.2. Role Attributes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/role-attributes.html)
    - [21.3. Role Membership](full-docs/src/sgml/html/role-membership.html)
    - [21.4. Dropping Roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/role-removal.html)
    - [21.5. Predefined Roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/predefined-roles.html)
    - [21.6. Function Security](full-docs/src/sgml/html/perm-functions.html)
    - [22. Managing Databases](full-docs/src/sgml/html/managing-databases.html)
    - [22.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/manage-ag-overview.html)
    - [22.2. Creating a Database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/manage-ag-createdb.html)
    - [22.3. Template Databases](full-docs/src/sgml/html/manage-ag-templatedbs.html)
    - [22.4. Database Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/manage-ag-config.html)
    - [22.5. Destroying a Database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/manage-ag-dropdb.html)
    - [22.6. Tablespaces](full-docs/src/sgml/html/manage-ag-tablespaces.html)
    - [23. Localization](full-docs/src/sgml/html/charset.html)
    - [23.1. Locale Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/locale.html)
    - [23.2. Collation Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/collation.html)
    - [23.3. Character Set Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/multibyte.html)
    - [24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/maintenance.html)
    - [24.1. Routine Vacuuming](full-docs/src/sgml/html/routine-vacuuming.html)
    - [24.2. Routine Reindexing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/routine-reindex.html)
    - [24.3. Log File Maintenance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logfile-maintenance.html)
    - [25. Backup and Restore](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup.html)
    - [25.1. SQL Dump](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-dump.html)
    - [25.2. File System Level Backup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-file.html)
    - [25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/continuous-archiving.html)
    - [26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/high-availability.html)
    - [26.1. Comparison of Different Solutions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/different-replication-solutions.html)
    - [26.2. Log-Shipping Standby Servers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/warm-standby.html)
    - [26.3. Failover](full-docs/src/sgml/html/warm-standby-failover.html)
    - [26.4. Hot Standby](full-docs/src/sgml/html/hot-standby.html)
    - [27. Monitoring Database Activity](full-docs/src/sgml/html/monitoring.html)
    - [27.1. Standard Unix Tools](full-docs/src/sgml/html/monitoring-ps.html)
    - [27.2. The Cumulative Statistics System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/monitoring-stats.html)
    - [27.3. Viewing Locks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/monitoring-locks.html)
    - [27.4. Progress Reporting](full-docs/src/sgml/html/progress-reporting.html)
    - [27.5. Dynamic Tracing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dynamic-trace.html)
    - [27.6. Monitoring Disk Usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/diskusage.html)
    - [28. Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal.html)
    - [28.1. Reliability](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-reliability.html)
    - [28.2. Data Checksums](full-docs/src/sgml/html/checksums.html)
    - [28.3. Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-intro.html)
    - [28.4. Asynchronous Commit](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-async-commit.html)
    - [28.5. WAL Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-configuration.html)
    - [28.6. WAL Internals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-internals.html)
    - [29. Logical Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication.html)
    - [29.1. Publication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-publication.html)
    - [29.2. Subscription](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-subscription.html)
    - [29.3. Logical Replication Failover](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-failover.html)
    - [29.4. Row Filters](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-row-filter.html)
    - [29.5. Column Lists](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-col-lists.html)
    - [29.6. Generated Column Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-gencols.html)
    - [29.7. Conflicts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-conflicts.html)
    - [29.8. Restrictions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-restrictions.html)
    - [29.9. Architecture](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-architecture.html)
    - [29.10. Monitoring](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-monitoring.html)
    - [29.11. Security](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-security.html)
    - [29.12. Configuration Settings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-config.html)
    - [29.13. Upgrade](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-upgrade.html)
    - [29.14. Quick Setup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication-quick-setup.html)
    - [30. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/jit.html)
    - [30.1. What Is JIT compilation?](full-docs/src/sgml/html/jit-reason.html)
    - [30.2. When to JIT?](full-docs/src/sgml/html/jit-decision.html)
    - [30.3. Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/jit-configuration.html)
    - [30.4. Extensibility](full-docs/src/sgml/html/jit-extensibility.html)
    - [31. Regression Tests](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress.html)
    - [31.1. Running the Tests](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress-run.html)
    - [31.2. Test Evaluation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress-evaluation.html)
    - [31.3. Variant Comparison Files](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress-variant.html)
    - [31.4. TAP Tests](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress-tap.html)
    - [31.5. Test Coverage Examination](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress-coverage.html)
    - **[Chapter 16. Installation from Binaries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/install-binaries.html)**
    - **[Chapter 17. Installation from Source Code](full-docs/src/sgml/html/installation.html)**
    - **[Chapter 18. Server Setup and Operation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime.html)**
    - **[Chapter 19. Server Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/runtime-config.html)**
    - **[Chapter 20. Client Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/client-authentication.html)**
    - **[Chapter 21. Database Roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/user-manag.html)**
    - **[Chapter 22. Managing Databases](full-docs/src/sgml/html/managing-databases.html)**
    - **[Chapter 23. Localization](full-docs/src/sgml/html/charset.html)**
    - **[Chapter 24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/maintenance.html)**
    - **[Chapter 25. Backup and Restore](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup.html)**
    - **[Chapter 26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/high-availability.html)**
    - **[Chapter 27. Monitoring Database Activity](full-docs/src/sgml/html/monitoring.html)**
    - **[Chapter 28. Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal.html)**
    - **[Chapter 29. Logical Replication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logical-replication.html)**
    - **[Chapter 30. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/jit.html)**
    - **[Chapter 31. Regression Tests](full-docs/src/sgml/html/regress.html)**

  - **[Part IV. Client Interfaces](full-docs/src/sgml/html/client-interfaces.html)**
    - [32. libpq — C Library](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq.html)
    - [32.1. Database Connection Control Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-connect.html)
    - [32.2. Connection Status Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-status.html)
    - [32.3. Command Execution Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-exec.html)
    - [32.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-async.html)
    - [32.5. Pipeline Mode](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-pipeline-mode.html)
    - [32.6. Retrieving Query Results in Chunks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-single-row-mode.html)
    - [32.7. Canceling Queries in Progress](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-cancel.html)
    - [32.8. The Fast-Path Interface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-fastpath.html)
    - [32.9. Asynchronous Notification](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-notify.html)
    - [32.10. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-copy.html)
    - [32.11. Control Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-control.html)
    - [32.12. Miscellaneous Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-misc.html)
    - [32.13. Notice Processing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-notice-processing.html)
    - [32.14. Event System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-events.html)
    - [32.15. Environment Variables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-envars.html)
    - [32.16. The Password File](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-pgpass.html)
    - [32.17. The Connection Service File](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-pgservice.html)
    - [32.18. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-ldap.html)
    - [32.19. SSL Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-ssl.html)
    - [32.20. OAuth Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-oauth.html)
    - [32.21. Behavior in Threaded Programs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-threading.html)
    - [32.22. Building libpq Programs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-build.html)
    - [32.23. Example Programs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq-example.html)
    - [33. Large Objects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/largeobjects.html)
    - [33.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/lo-intro.html)
    - [33.2. Implementation Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/lo-implementation.html)
    - [33.3. Client Interfaces](full-docs/src/sgml/html/lo-interfaces.html)
    - [33.4. Server-Side Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/lo-funcs.html)
    - [33.5. Example Program](full-docs/src/sgml/html/lo-examplesect.html)
    - [34. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg.html)
    - [34.1. The Concept](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-concept.html)
    - [34.2. Managing Database Connections](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-connect.html)
    - [34.3. Running SQL Commands](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-commands.html)
    - [34.4. Using Host Variables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-variables.html)
    - [34.5. Dynamic SQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-dynamic.html)
    - [34.6. pgtypes Library](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-pgtypes.html)
    - [34.7. Using Descriptor Areas](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-descriptors.html)
    - [34.8. Error Handling](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-errors.html)
    - [34.9. Preprocessor Directives](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-preproc.html)
    - [34.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-process.html)
    - [34.11. Library Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-library.html)
    - [34.12. Large Objects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-lo.html)
    - [34.13. C++ Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-cpp.html)
    - [34.14. Embedded SQL Commands](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-sql-commands.html)
    - [34.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-informix-compat.html)
    - [34.16. Oracle Compatibility Mode](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-oracle-compat.html)
    - [34.17. Internals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg-develop.html)
    - [35. The Information Schema](full-docs/src/sgml/html/information-schema.html)
    - [35.1. The Schema](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-schema.html)
    - [35.2. Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-datatypes.html)
    - [35.3. information_schema_catalog_name](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-information-schema-catalog-name.html)
    - [35.4. administrable_role_​authorizations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-administrable-role-authorizations.html)
    - [35.5. applicable_roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-applicable-roles.html)
    - [35.6. attributes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-attributes.html)
    - [35.7. character_sets](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-character-sets.html)
    - [35.8. check_constraint_routine_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-check-constraint-routine-usage.html)
    - [35.9. check_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-check-constraints.html)
    - [35.10. collations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-collations.html)
    - [35.11. collation_character_set_​applicability](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-collation-character-set-applicab.html)
    - [35.12. column_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-column-usage.html)
    - [35.13. column_domain_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-domain-usage.html)
    - [35.14. column_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-options.html)
    - [35.15. column_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-privileges.html)
    - [35.16. column_udt_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-udt-usage.html)
    - [35.17. columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-columns.html)
    - [35.18. constraint_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html)
    - [35.19. constraint_table_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-constraint-table-usage.html)
    - [35.20. data_type_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-data-type-privileges.html)
    - [35.21. domain_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-domain-constraints.html)
    - [35.22. domain_udt_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-domain-udt-usage.html)
    - [35.23. domains](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-domains.html)
    - [35.24. element_types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-element-types.html)
    - [35.25. enabled_roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-enabled-roles.html)
    - [35.26. foreign_data_wrapper_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-data-wrapper-options.html)
    - [35.27. foreign_data_wrappers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-data-wrappers.html)
    - [35.28. foreign_server_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-server-options.html)
    - [35.29. foreign_servers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-servers.html)
    - [35.30. foreign_table_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-table-options.html)
    - [35.31. foreign_tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-tables.html)
    - [35.32. key_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-key-column-usage.html)
    - [35.33. parameters](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-parameters.html)
    - [35.34. referential_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-referential-constraints.html)
    - [35.35. role_column_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-column-grants.html)
    - [35.36. role_routine_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-routine-grants.html)
    - [35.37. role_table_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-table-grants.html)
    - [35.38. role_udt_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-udt-grants.html)
    - [35.39. role_usage_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-usage-grants.html)
    - [35.40. routine_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-column-usage.html)
    - [35.41. routine_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-privileges.html)
    - [35.42. routine_routine_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-routine-usage.html)
    - [35.43. routine_sequence_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-sequence-usage.html)
    - [35.44. routine_table_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-table-usage.html)
    - [35.45. routines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routines.html)
    - [35.46. schemata](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-schemata.html)
    - [35.47. sequences](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sequences.html)
    - [35.48. sql_features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-features.html)
    - [35.49. sql_implementation_info](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-implementation-info.html)
    - [35.50. sql_parts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-parts.html)
    - [35.51. sql_sizing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-sizing.html)
    - [35.52. table_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-table-constraints.html)
    - [35.53. table_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-table-privileges.html)
    - [35.54. tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-tables.html)
    - [35.55. transforms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-transforms.html)
    - [35.56. triggered_update_columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-triggered-update-columns.html)
    - [35.57. triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-triggers.html)
    - [35.58. udt_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-udt-privileges.html)
    - [35.59. usage_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-usage-privileges.html)
    - [35.60. user_defined_types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-user-defined-types.html)
    - [35.61. user_mapping_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-user-mapping-options.html)
    - [35.62. user_mappings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-user-mappings.html)
    - [35.63. view_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-view-column-usage.html)
    - [35.64. view_routine_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-view-routine-usage.html)
    - [35.65. view_table_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-view-table-usage.html)
    - [35.66. views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-views.html)
    - **[Chapter 32. libpq — C Library](full-docs/src/sgml/html/libpq.html)**
    - **[Chapter 33. Large Objects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/largeobjects.html)**
    - **[Chapter 34. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ecpg.html)**
    - **[Chapter 35. The Information Schema](full-docs/src/sgml/html/information-schema.html)**
      - [35.1. The Schema](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-schema.html)
      - [35.2. Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-datatypes.html)
      - [35.3. information_schema_catalog_name](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-information-schema-catalog-name.html)
      - [35.4. administrable_role_​authorizations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-administrable-role-authorizations.html)
      - [35.5. applicable_roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-applicable-roles.html)
      - [35.6. attributes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-attributes.html)
      - [35.7. character_sets](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-character-sets.html)
      - [35.8. check_constraint_routine_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-check-constraint-routine-usage.html)
      - [35.9. check_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-check-constraints.html)
      - [35.10. collations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-collations.html)
      - [35.11. collation_character_set_​applicability](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-collation-character-set-applicab.html)
      - [35.12. column_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-column-usage.html)
      - [35.13. column_domain_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-domain-usage.html)
      - [35.14. column_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-options.html)
      - [35.15. column_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-privileges.html)
      - [35.16. column_udt_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-column-udt-usage.html)
      - [35.17. columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-columns.html)
      - [35.18. constraint_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html)
      - [35.19. constraint_table_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-constraint-table-usage.html)
      - [35.20. data_type_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-data-type-privileges.html)
      - [35.21. domain_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-domain-constraints.html)
      - [35.22. domain_udt_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-domain-udt-usage.html)
      - [35.23. domains](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-domains.html)
      - [35.24. element_types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-element-types.html)
      - [35.25. enabled_roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-enabled-roles.html)
      - [35.26. foreign_data_wrapper_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-data-wrapper-options.html)
      - [35.27. foreign_data_wrappers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-data-wrappers.html)
      - [35.28. foreign_server_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-server-options.html)
      - [35.29. foreign_servers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-servers.html)
      - [35.30. foreign_table_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-table-options.html)
      - [35.31. foreign_tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-foreign-tables.html)
      - [35.32. key_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-key-column-usage.html)
      - [35.33. parameters](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-parameters.html)
      - [35.34. referential_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-referential-constraints.html)
      - [35.35. role_column_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-column-grants.html)
      - [35.36. role_routine_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-routine-grants.html)
      - [35.37. role_table_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-table-grants.html)
      - [35.38. role_udt_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-udt-grants.html)
      - [35.39. role_usage_grants](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-role-usage-grants.html)
      - [35.40. routine_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-column-usage.html)
      - [35.41. routine_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-privileges.html)
      - [35.42. routine_routine_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-routine-usage.html)
      - [35.43. routine_sequence_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-sequence-usage.html)
      - [35.44. routine_table_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routine-table-usage.html)
      - [35.45. routines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-routines.html)
      - [35.46. schemata](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-schemata.html)
      - [35.47. sequences](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sequences.html)
      - [35.48. sql_features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-features.html)
      - [35.49. sql_implementation_info](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-implementation-info.html)
      - [35.50. sql_parts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-parts.html)
      - [35.51. sql_sizing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-sql-sizing.html)
      - [35.52. table_constraints](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-table-constraints.html)
      - [35.53. table_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-table-privileges.html)
      - [35.54. tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-tables.html)
      - [35.55. transforms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-transforms.html)
      - [35.56. triggered_update_columns](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-triggered-update-columns.html)
      - [35.57. triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-triggers.html)
      - [35.58. udt_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-udt-privileges.html)
      - [35.59. usage_privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-usage-privileges.html)
      - [35.60. user_defined_types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-user-defined-types.html)
      - [35.61. user_mapping_options](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-user-mapping-options.html)
      - [35.62. user_mappings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-user-mappings.html)
      - [35.63. view_column_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-view-column-usage.html)
      - [35.64. view_routine_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-view-routine-usage.html)
      - [35.65. view_table_usage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-view-table-usage.html)
      - [35.66. views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/infoschema-views.html)

  - **[Part V. Server Programming](full-docs/src/sgml/html/server-programming.html)**
    - [36. Extending SQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/extend.html)
    - [36.1. How Extensibility Works](full-docs/src/sgml/html/extend-how.html)
    - [36.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/extend-type-system.html)
    - [36.3. User-Defined Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc.html)
    - [36.4. User-Defined Procedures](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xproc.html)
    - [36.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc-sql.html)
    - [36.6. Function Overloading](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc-overload.html)
    - [36.7. Function Volatility Categories](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc-volatility.html)
    - [36.8. Procedural Language Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc-pl.html)
    - [36.9. Internal Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc-internal.html)
    - [36.10. C-Language Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc-c.html)
    - [36.11. Function Optimization Information](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xfunc-optimization.html)
    - [36.12. User-Defined Aggregates](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xaggr.html)
    - [36.13. User-Defined Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xtypes.html)
    - [36.14. User-Defined Operators](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xoper.html)
    - [36.15. Operator Optimization Information](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xoper-optimization.html)
    - [36.16. Interfacing Extensions to Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xindex.html)
    - [36.17. Packaging Related Objects into an Extension](full-docs/src/sgml/html/extend-extensions.html)
    - [36.18. Extension Building Infrastructure](full-docs/src/sgml/html/extend-pgxs.html)
    - [37. Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/triggers.html)
    - [37.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior](full-docs/src/sgml/html/trigger-definition.html)
    - [37.2. Visibility of Data Changes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/trigger-datachanges.html)
    - [37.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C](full-docs/src/sgml/html/trigger-interface.html)
    - [37.4. A Complete Trigger Example](full-docs/src/sgml/html/trigger-example.html)
    - [38. Event Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-triggers.html)
    - [38.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-trigger-definition.html)
    - [38.2. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-trigger-interface.html)
    - [38.3. A Complete Event Trigger Example](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-trigger-example.html)
    - [38.4. A Table Rewrite Event Trigger Example](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-trigger-table-rewrite-example.html)
    - [38.5. A Database Login Event Trigger Example](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-trigger-database-login-example.html)
    - [39. The Rule System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules.html)
    - [39.1. The Query Tree](full-docs/src/sgml/html/querytree.html)
    - [39.2. Views and the Rule System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules-views.html)
    - [39.3. Materialized Views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules-materializedviews.html)
    - [39.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules-update.html)
    - [39.5. Rules and Privileges](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules-privileges.html)
    - [39.6. Rules and Command Status](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules-status.html)
    - [39.7. Rules Versus Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules-triggers.html)
    - [40. Procedural Languages](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xplang.html)
    - [40.1. Installing Procedural Languages](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xplang-install.html)
    - [41. PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql.html)
    - [41.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-overview.html)
    - [41.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-structure.html)
    - [41.3. Declarations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-declarations.html)
    - [41.4. Expressions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-expressions.html)
    - [41.5. Basic Statements](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-statements.html)
    - [41.6. Control Structures](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-control-structures.html)
    - [41.7. Cursors](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-cursors.html)
    - [41.8. Transaction Management](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-transactions.html)
    - [41.9. Errors and Messages](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html)
    - [41.10. Trigger Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-trigger.html)
    - [41.11. PL/pgSQL under the Hood](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-implementation.html)
    - [41.12. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-development-tips.html)
    - [41.13. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql-porting.html)
    - [42. PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl.html)
    - [42.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-overview.html)
    - [42.2. PL/Tcl Functions and Arguments](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-functions.html)
    - [42.3. Data Values in PL/Tcl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-data.html)
    - [42.4. Global Data in PL/Tcl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-global.html)
    - [42.5. Database Access from PL/Tcl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-dbaccess.html)
    - [42.6. Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-trigger.html)
    - [42.7. Event Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-event-trigger.html)
    - [42.8. Error Handling in PL/Tcl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-error-handling.html)
    - [42.9. Explicit Subtransactions in PL/Tcl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-subtransactions.html)
    - [42.10. Transaction Management](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-transactions.html)
    - [42.11. PL/Tcl Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-config.html)
    - [42.12. Tcl Procedure Names](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl-procnames.html)
    - [43. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl.html)
    - [43.1. PL/Perl Functions and Arguments](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-funcs.html)
    - [43.2. Data Values in PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-data.html)
    - [43.3. Built-in Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-builtins.html)
    - [43.4. Global Values in PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-global.html)
    - [43.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-trusted.html)
    - [43.6. PL/Perl Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-triggers.html)
    - [43.7. PL/Perl Event Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-event-triggers.html)
    - [43.8. PL/Perl Under the Hood](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-under-the-hood.html)
    - [44. PL/Python — Python Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython.html)
    - [44.1. PL/Python Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-funcs.html)
    - [44.2. Data Values](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-data.html)
    - [44.3. Sharing Data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-sharing.html)
    - [44.4. Anonymous Code Blocks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-do.html)
    - [44.5. Trigger Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-trigger.html)
    - [44.6. Database Access](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-database.html)
    - [44.7. Explicit Subtransactions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-subtransaction.html)
    - [44.8. Transaction Management](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-transactions.html)
    - [44.9. Utility Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-util.html)
    - [44.10. Python 2 vs. Python 3](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-python23.html)
    - [44.11. Environment Variables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-envar.html)
    - [45. Server Programming Interface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi.html)
    - [45.1. Interface Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi-interface.html)
    - [45.2. Interface Support Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi-interface-support.html)
    - [45.3. Memory Management](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi-memory.html)
    - [45.4. Transaction Management](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi-transaction.html)
    - [45.5. Visibility of Data Changes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi-visibility.html)
    - [45.6. Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi-examples.html)
    - [46. Background Worker Processes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bgworker.html)
    - [47. Logical Decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding.html)
    - [47.1. Logical Decoding Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-example.html)
    - [47.2. Logical Decoding Concepts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-explanation.html)
    - [47.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-walsender.html)
    - [47.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-sql.html)
    - [47.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-catalogs.html)
    - [47.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-output-plugin.html)
    - [47.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-writer.html)
    - [47.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-synchronous.html)
    - [47.9. Streaming of Large Transactions for Logical Decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-streaming.html)
    - [47.10. Two-phase Commit Support for Logical Decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding-two-phase-commits.html)
    - [48. Replication Progress Tracking](full-docs/src/sgml/html/replication-origins.html)
    - [49. Archive Modules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/archive-modules.html)
    - [49.1. Initialization Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/archive-module-init.html)
    - [49.2. Archive Module Callbacks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/archive-module-callbacks.html)
    - [50. OAuth Validator Modules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validators.html)
    - [50.1. Safely Designing a Validator Module](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-design.html)
    - [50.2. Initialization Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-init.html)
    - [50.3. OAuth Validator Callbacks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-callbacks.html)
    - **[Chapter 36. Extending SQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/extend.html)**
    - **[Chapter 37. Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/triggers.html)**
    - **[Chapter 38. Event Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/event-triggers.html)**
    - **[Chapter 39. The Rule System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rules.html)**
    - **[Chapter 40. Procedural Languages](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xplang.html)**
    - **[Chapter 41. PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpgsql.html)**
    - **[Chapter 42. PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pltcl.html)**
    - **[Chapter 43. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl.html)**
      - [43.1. PL/Perl Functions and Arguments](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-funcs.html)
      - [43.2. Data Values in PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-data.html)
      - [43.3. Built-in Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-builtins.html)
      - [43.3.1. Database Access from PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-DATABASE)
      - [43.3.2. Utility Functions in PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS)
      - [43.4. Global Values in PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-global.html)
      - [43.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-trusted.html)
      - [43.6. PL/Perl Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-triggers.html)
      - [43.7. PL/Perl Event Triggers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-event-triggers.html)
      - [43.8. PL/Perl Under the Hood](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-under-the-hood.html)
      - [43.8.1. Configuration](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-under-the-hood.html#PLPERL-CONFIG)
      - [43.8.2. Limitations and Missing Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plperl-under-the-hood.html#PLPERL-MISSING)
    - **[Chapter 44. PL/Python — Python Procedural Language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython.html)**
      - [44.1. PL/Python Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-funcs.html)
      - [44.2. Data Values](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-data.html)
      - [44.2.1. Data Type Mapping](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-data.html#PLPYTHON-DATA-TYPE-MAPPING)
      - [44.2.2. Null, None](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-data.html#PLPYTHON-DATA-NULL)
      - [44.2.3. Arrays, Lists](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-data.html#PLPYTHON-ARRAYS)
      - [44.2.4. Composite Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-data.html#PLPYTHON-DATA-COMPOSITE-TYPES)
      - [44.2.5. Set-Returning Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-data.html#PLPYTHON-DATA-SET-RETURNING-FUNCS)
      - [44.3. Sharing Data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-sharing.html)
      - [44.4. Anonymous Code Blocks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-do.html)
      - [44.5. Trigger Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-trigger.html)
      - [44.6. Database Access](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-database.html)
      - [44.6.1. Database Access Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-database.html#PLPYTHON-DATABASE-ACCESS-FUNCS)
      - [44.6.2. Trapping Errors](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-database.html#PLPYTHON-TRAPPING)
      - [44.7. Explicit Subtransactions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-subtransaction.html)
      - [44.7.1. Subtransaction Context Managers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-subtransaction.html#PLPYTHON-SUBTRANSACTION-CONTEXT-MANAGERS)
      - [44.8. Transaction Management](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-transactions.html)
      - [44.9. Utility Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-util.html)
      - [44.10. Python 2 vs. Python 3](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-python23.html)
      - [44.11. Environment Variables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plpython-envar.html)
    - **[Chapter 45. Server Programming Interface](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spi.html)**
    - **[Chapter 46. Background Worker Processes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bgworker.html)**
    - **[Chapter 47. Logical Decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/logicaldecoding.html)**
    - **[Chapter 48. Replication Progress Tracking](full-docs/src/sgml/html/replication-origins.html)**
    - **[Chapter 49. Archive Modules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/archive-modules.html)**
    - **[Chapter 50. OAuth Validator Modules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validators.html)**
      - [50.1. Safely Designing a Validator Module](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-design.html)
      - [50.1.1. Validator Responsibilities](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-design.html#OAUTH-VALIDATOR-DESIGN-RESPONSIBILITIES)
      - [50.1.2. General Coding Guidelines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-design.html#OAUTH-VALIDATOR-DESIGN-GUIDELINES)
      - [50.1.3. Authorizing Users (Usermap Delegation)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-design.html#OAUTH-VALIDATOR-DESIGN-USERMAP-DELEGATION)
      - [50.2. Initialization Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-init.html)
      - [50.3. OAuth Validator Callbacks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-callbacks.html)
      - [50.3.1. Startup Callback](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-callbacks.html#OAUTH-VALIDATOR-CALLBACK-STARTUP)
      - [50.3.2. Validate Callback](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-callbacks.html#OAUTH-VALIDATOR-CALLBACK-VALIDATE)
      - [50.3.3. Shutdown Callback](full-docs/src/sgml/html/oauth-validator-callbacks.html#OAUTH-VALIDATOR-CALLBACK-SHUTDOWN)

  - **[Part VI. Reference](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference.html)**
    - [I. SQL Commands](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-commands.html)
    - [ABORT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-abort.html)
    - [ALTER AGGREGATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteraggregate.html)
    - [ALTER COLLATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altercollation.html)
    - [ALTER CONVERSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterconversion.html)
    - [ALTER DATABASE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterdatabase.html)
    - [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html)
    - [ALTER DOMAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterdomain.html)
    - [ALTER EVENT TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altereventtrigger.html)
    - [ALTER EXTENSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterextension.html)
    - [ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterforeigndatawrapper.html)
    - [ALTER FOREIGN TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterforeigntable.html)
    - [ALTER FUNCTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterfunction.html)
    - [ALTER GROUP](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altergroup.html)
    - [ALTER INDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterindex.html)
    - [ALTER LANGUAGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterlanguage.html)
    - [ALTER LARGE OBJECT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterlargeobject.html)
    - [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altermaterializedview.html)
    - [ALTER OPERATOR](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteroperator.html)
    - [ALTER OPERATOR CLASS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteropclass.html)
    - [ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteropfamily.html)
    - [ALTER POLICY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterpolicy.html)
    - [ALTER PROCEDURE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterprocedure.html)
    - [ALTER PUBLICATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterpublication.html)
    - [ALTER ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterrole.html)
    - [ALTER ROUTINE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterroutine.html)
    - [ALTER RULE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterrule.html)
    - [ALTER SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterschema.html)
    - [ALTER SEQUENCE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altersequence.html)
    - [ALTER SERVER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterserver.html)
    - [ALTER STATISTICS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterstatistics.html)
    - [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altersubscription.html)
    - [ALTER SYSTEM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altersystem.html)
    - [ALTER TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertable.html)
    - [ALTER TABLESPACE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertablespace.html)
    - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertsconfig.html)
    - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertsdictionary.html)
    - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertsparser.html)
    - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertstemplate.html)
    - [ALTER TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertrigger.html)
    - [ALTER TYPE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertype.html)
    - [ALTER USER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteruser.html)
    - [ALTER USER MAPPING](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterusermapping.html)
    - [ALTER VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterview.html)
    - [ANALYZE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-analyze.html)
    - [BEGIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-begin.html)
    - [CALL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-call.html)
    - [CHECKPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-checkpoint.html)
    - [CLOSE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-close.html)
    - [CLUSTER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-cluster.html)
    - [COMMENT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-comment.html)
    - [COMMIT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-commit.html)
    - [COMMIT PREPARED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-commit-prepared.html)
    - [COPY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-copy.html)
    - [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-create-access-method.html)
    - [CREATE AGGREGATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createaggregate.html)
    - [CREATE CAST](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createcast.html)
    - [CREATE COLLATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createcollation.html)
    - [CREATE CONVERSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createconversion.html)
    - [CREATE DATABASE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createdatabase.html)
    - [CREATE DOMAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createdomain.html)
    - [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createeventtrigger.html)
    - [CREATE EXTENSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createextension.html)
    - [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createforeigndatawrapper.html)
    - [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createforeigntable.html)
    - [CREATE FUNCTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createfunction.html)
    - [CREATE GROUP](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-creategroup.html)
    - [CREATE INDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createindex.html)
    - [CREATE LANGUAGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createlanguage.html)
    - [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-creatematerializedview.html)
    - [CREATE OPERATOR](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createoperator.html)
    - [CREATE OPERATOR CLASS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createopclass.html)
    - [CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createopfamily.html)
    - [CREATE POLICY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createpolicy.html)
    - [CREATE PROCEDURE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createprocedure.html)
    - [CREATE PUBLICATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createpublication.html)
    - [CREATE ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createrole.html)
    - [CREATE RULE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createrule.html)
    - [CREATE SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createschema.html)
    - [CREATE SEQUENCE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createsequence.html)
    - [CREATE SERVER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createserver.html)
    - [CREATE STATISTICS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createstatistics.html)
    - [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createsubscription.html)
    - [CREATE TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtable.html)
    - [CREATE TABLE AS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtableas.html)
    - [CREATE TABLESPACE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtablespace.html)
    - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtsconfig.html)
    - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtsdictionary.html)
    - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtsparser.html)
    - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtstemplate.html)
    - [CREATE TRANSFORM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtransform.html)
    - [CREATE TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtrigger.html)
    - [CREATE TYPE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtype.html)
    - [CREATE USER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createuser.html)
    - [CREATE USER MAPPING](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createusermapping.html)
    - [CREATE VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createview.html)
    - [DEALLOCATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-deallocate.html)
    - [DECLARE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-declare.html)
    - [DELETE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-delete.html)
    - [DISCARD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-discard.html)
    - [DO](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-do.html)
    - [DROP ACCESS METHOD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-drop-access-method.html)
    - [DROP AGGREGATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropaggregate.html)
    - [DROP CAST](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropcast.html)
    - [DROP COLLATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropcollation.html)
    - [DROP CONVERSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropconversion.html)
    - [DROP DATABASE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropdatabase.html)
    - [DROP DOMAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropdomain.html)
    - [DROP EVENT TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropeventtrigger.html)
    - [DROP EXTENSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropextension.html)
    - [DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropforeigndatawrapper.html)
    - [DROP FOREIGN TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropforeigntable.html)
    - [DROP FUNCTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropfunction.html)
    - [DROP GROUP](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropgroup.html)
    - [DROP INDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropindex.html)
    - [DROP LANGUAGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droplanguage.html)
    - [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropmaterializedview.html)
    - [DROP OPERATOR](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropoperator.html)
    - [DROP OPERATOR CLASS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropopclass.html)
    - [DROP OPERATOR FAMILY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropopfamily.html)
    - [DROP OWNED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-drop-owned.html)
    - [DROP POLICY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droppolicy.html)
    - [DROP PROCEDURE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropprocedure.html)
    - [DROP PUBLICATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droppublication.html)
    - [DROP ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droprole.html)
    - [DROP ROUTINE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droproutine.html)
    - [DROP RULE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droprule.html)
    - [DROP SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropschema.html)
    - [DROP SEQUENCE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropsequence.html)
    - [DROP SERVER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropserver.html)
    - [DROP STATISTICS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropstatistics.html)
    - [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropsubscription.html)
    - [DROP TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptable.html)
    - [DROP TABLESPACE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptablespace.html)
    - [DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptsconfig.html)
    - [DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptsdictionary.html)
    - [DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptsparser.html)
    - [DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptstemplate.html)
    - [DROP TRANSFORM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptransform.html)
    - [DROP TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptrigger.html)
    - [DROP TYPE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptype.html)
    - [DROP USER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropuser.html)
    - [DROP USER MAPPING](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropusermapping.html)
    - [DROP VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropview.html)
    - [END](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-end.html)
    - [EXECUTE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-execute.html)
    - [EXPLAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-explain.html)
    - [FETCH](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-fetch.html)
    - [GRANT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-grant.html)
    - [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-importforeignschema.html)
    - [INSERT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-insert.html)
    - [LISTEN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-listen.html)
    - [LOAD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-load.html)
    - [LOCK](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-lock.html)
    - [MERGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-merge.html)
    - [MOVE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-move.html)
    - [NOTIFY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-notify.html)
    - [PREPARE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-prepare.html)
    - [PREPARE TRANSACTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-prepare-transaction.html)
    - [REASSIGN OWNED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-reassign-owned.html)
    - [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-refreshmaterializedview.html)
    - [REINDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-reindex.html)
    - [RELEASE SAVEPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-release-savepoint.html)
    - [RESET](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-reset.html)
    - [REVOKE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-revoke.html)
    - [ROLLBACK](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-rollback.html)
    - [ROLLBACK PREPARED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-rollback-prepared.html)
    - [ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-rollback-to.html)
    - [SAVEPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-savepoint.html)
    - [SECURITY LABEL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-security-label.html)
    - [SELECT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-select.html)
    - [SELECT INTO](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-selectinto.html)
    - [SET](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set.html)
    - [SET CONSTRAINTS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-constraints.html)
    - [SET ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-role.html)
    - [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-session-authorization.html)
    - [SET TRANSACTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-transaction.html)
    - [SHOW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-show.html)
    - [START TRANSACTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-start-transaction.html)
    - [TRUNCATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-truncate.html)
    - [UNLISTEN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-unlisten.html)
    - [UPDATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-update.html)
    - [VACUUM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-vacuum.html)
    - [VALUES](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-values.html)
    - [II. PostgreSQL Client Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference-client.html)
    - [clusterdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-clusterdb.html)
    - [createdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-createdb.html)
    - [createuser](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-createuser.html)
    - [dropdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-dropdb.html)
    - [dropuser](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-dropuser.html)
    - [ecpg](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-ecpg.html)
    - [pg_amcheck](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgamcheck.html)
    - [pg_basebackup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgbasebackup.html)
    - [pgbench](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgbench.html)
    - [pg_combinebackup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgcombinebackup.html)
    - [pg_config](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgconfig.html)
    - [pg_dump](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgdump.html)
    - [pg_dumpall](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pg-dumpall.html)
    - [pg_isready](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pg-isready.html)
    - [pg_receivewal](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgreceivewal.html)
    - [pg_recvlogical](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgrecvlogical.html)
    - [pg_restore](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html)
    - [pg_verifybackup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgverifybackup.html)
    - [psql](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-psql.html)
    - [reindexdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-reindexdb.html)
    - [vacuumdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-vacuumdb.html)
    - [III. PostgreSQL Server Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference-server.html)
    - [initdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-initdb.html)
    - [pg_archivecleanup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgarchivecleanup.html)
    - [pg_checksums](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgchecksums.html)
    - [pg_controldata](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgcontroldata.html)
    - [pg_createsubscriber](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgcreatesubscriber.html)
    - [pg_ctl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pg-ctl.html)
    - [pg_resetwal](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgresetwal.html)
    - [pg_rewind](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgrewind.html)
    - [pg_test_fsync](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgtestfsync.html)
    - [pg_test_timing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgtesttiming.html)
    - [pg_upgrade](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgupgrade.html)
    - [pg_waldump](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgwaldump.html)
    - [pg_walsummary](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgwalsummary.html)
    - [postgres](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-postgres.html)
    - **[SQL Commands](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-commands.html)**
      - [ABORT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-abort.html)
      - [ALTER AGGREGATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteraggregate.html)
      - [ALTER COLLATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altercollation.html)
      - [ALTER CONVERSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterconversion.html)
      - [ALTER DATABASE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterdatabase.html)
      - [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html)
      - [ALTER DOMAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterdomain.html)
      - [ALTER EVENT TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altereventtrigger.html)
      - [ALTER EXTENSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterextension.html)
      - [ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterforeigndatawrapper.html)
      - [ALTER FOREIGN TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterforeigntable.html)
      - [ALTER FUNCTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterfunction.html)
      - [ALTER GROUP](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altergroup.html)
      - [ALTER INDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterindex.html)
      - [ALTER LANGUAGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterlanguage.html)
      - [ALTER LARGE OBJECT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterlargeobject.html)
      - [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altermaterializedview.html)
      - [ALTER OPERATOR](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteroperator.html)
      - [ALTER OPERATOR CLASS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteropclass.html)
      - [ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteropfamily.html)
      - [ALTER POLICY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterpolicy.html)
      - [ALTER PROCEDURE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterprocedure.html)
      - [ALTER PUBLICATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterpublication.html)
      - [ALTER ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterrole.html)
      - [ALTER ROUTINE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterroutine.html)
      - [ALTER RULE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterrule.html)
      - [ALTER SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterschema.html)
      - [ALTER SEQUENCE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altersequence.html)
      - [ALTER SERVER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterserver.html)
      - [ALTER STATISTICS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterstatistics.html)
      - [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altersubscription.html)
      - [ALTER SYSTEM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altersystem.html)
      - [ALTER TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertable.html)
      - [ALTER TABLESPACE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertablespace.html)
      - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertsconfig.html)
      - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertsdictionary.html)
      - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertsparser.html)
      - [ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertstemplate.html)
      - [ALTER TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertrigger.html)
      - [ALTER TYPE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-altertype.html)
      - [ALTER USER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alteruser.html)
      - [ALTER USER MAPPING](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterusermapping.html)
      - [ALTER VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-alterview.html)
      - [ANALYZE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-analyze.html)
      - [BEGIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-begin.html)
      - [CALL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-call.html)
      - [CHECKPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-checkpoint.html)
      - [CLOSE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-close.html)
      - [CLUSTER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-cluster.html)
      - [COMMENT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-comment.html)
      - [COMMIT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-commit.html)
      - [COMMIT PREPARED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-commit-prepared.html)
      - [COPY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-copy.html)
      - [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-create-access-method.html)
      - [CREATE AGGREGATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createaggregate.html)
      - [CREATE CAST](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createcast.html)
      - [CREATE COLLATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createcollation.html)
      - [CREATE CONVERSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createconversion.html)
      - [CREATE DATABASE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createdatabase.html)
      - [CREATE DOMAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createdomain.html)
      - [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createeventtrigger.html)
      - [CREATE EXTENSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createextension.html)
      - [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createforeigndatawrapper.html)
      - [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createforeigntable.html)
      - [CREATE FUNCTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createfunction.html)
      - [CREATE GROUP](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-creategroup.html)
      - [CREATE INDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createindex.html)
      - [CREATE LANGUAGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createlanguage.html)
      - [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-creatematerializedview.html)
      - [CREATE OPERATOR](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createoperator.html)
      - [CREATE OPERATOR CLASS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createopclass.html)
      - [CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createopfamily.html)
      - [CREATE POLICY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createpolicy.html)
      - [CREATE PROCEDURE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createprocedure.html)
      - [CREATE PUBLICATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createpublication.html)
      - [CREATE ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createrole.html)
      - [CREATE RULE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createrule.html)
      - [CREATE SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createschema.html)
      - [CREATE SEQUENCE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createsequence.html)
      - [CREATE SERVER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createserver.html)
      - [CREATE STATISTICS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createstatistics.html)
      - [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createsubscription.html)
      - [CREATE TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtable.html)
      - [CREATE TABLE AS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtableas.html)
      - [CREATE TABLESPACE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtablespace.html)
      - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtsconfig.html)
      - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtsdictionary.html)
      - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtsparser.html)
      - [CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtstemplate.html)
      - [CREATE TRANSFORM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtransform.html)
      - [CREATE TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtrigger.html)
      - [CREATE TYPE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createtype.html)
      - [CREATE USER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createuser.html)
      - [CREATE USER MAPPING](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createusermapping.html)
      - [CREATE VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-createview.html)
      - [DEALLOCATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-deallocate.html)
      - [DECLARE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-declare.html)
      - [DELETE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-delete.html)
      - [DISCARD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-discard.html)
      - [DO](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-do.html)
      - [DROP ACCESS METHOD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-drop-access-method.html)
      - [DROP AGGREGATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropaggregate.html)
      - [DROP CAST](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropcast.html)
      - [DROP COLLATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropcollation.html)
      - [DROP CONVERSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropconversion.html)
      - [DROP DATABASE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropdatabase.html)
      - [DROP DOMAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropdomain.html)
      - [DROP EVENT TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropeventtrigger.html)
      - [DROP EXTENSION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropextension.html)
      - [DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropforeigndatawrapper.html)
      - [DROP FOREIGN TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropforeigntable.html)
      - [DROP FUNCTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropfunction.html)
      - [DROP GROUP](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropgroup.html)
      - [DROP INDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropindex.html)
      - [DROP LANGUAGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droplanguage.html)
      - [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropmaterializedview.html)
      - [DROP OPERATOR](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropoperator.html)
      - [DROP OPERATOR CLASS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropopclass.html)
      - [DROP OPERATOR FAMILY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropopfamily.html)
      - [DROP OWNED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-drop-owned.html)
      - [DROP POLICY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droppolicy.html)
      - [DROP PROCEDURE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropprocedure.html)
      - [DROP PUBLICATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droppublication.html)
      - [DROP ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droprole.html)
      - [DROP ROUTINE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droproutine.html)
      - [DROP RULE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droprule.html)
      - [DROP SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropschema.html)
      - [DROP SEQUENCE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropsequence.html)
      - [DROP SERVER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropserver.html)
      - [DROP STATISTICS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropstatistics.html)
      - [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropsubscription.html)
      - [DROP TABLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptable.html)
      - [DROP TABLESPACE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptablespace.html)
      - [DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptsconfig.html)
      - [DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptsdictionary.html)
      - [DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptsparser.html)
      - [DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptstemplate.html)
      - [DROP TRANSFORM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptransform.html)
      - [DROP TRIGGER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptrigger.html)
      - [DROP TYPE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-droptype.html)
      - [DROP USER](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropuser.html)
      - [DROP USER MAPPING](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropusermapping.html)
      - [DROP VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-dropview.html)
      - [END](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-end.html)
      - [EXECUTE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-execute.html)
      - [EXPLAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-explain.html)
      - [FETCH](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-fetch.html)
      - [GRANT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-grant.html)
      - [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-importforeignschema.html)
      - [INSERT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-insert.html)
      - [LISTEN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-listen.html)
      - [LOAD](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-load.html)
      - [LOCK](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-lock.html)
      - [MERGE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-merge.html)
      - [MOVE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-move.html)
      - [NOTIFY](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-notify.html)
      - [PREPARE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-prepare.html)
      - [PREPARE TRANSACTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-prepare-transaction.html)
      - [REASSIGN OWNED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-reassign-owned.html)
      - [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-refreshmaterializedview.html)
      - [REINDEX](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-reindex.html)
      - [RELEASE SAVEPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-release-savepoint.html)
      - [RESET](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-reset.html)
      - [REVOKE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-revoke.html)
      - [ROLLBACK](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-rollback.html)
      - [ROLLBACK PREPARED](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-rollback-prepared.html)
      - [ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-rollback-to.html)
      - [SAVEPOINT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-savepoint.html)
      - [SECURITY LABEL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-security-label.html)
      - [SELECT](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-select.html)
      - [SELECT INTO](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-selectinto.html)
      - [SET](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set.html)
      - [SET CONSTRAINTS](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-constraints.html)
      - [SET ROLE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-role.html)
      - [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-session-authorization.html)
      - [SET TRANSACTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-set-transaction.html)
      - [SHOW](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-show.html)
      - [START TRANSACTION](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-start-transaction.html)
      - [TRUNCATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-truncate.html)
      - [UNLISTEN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-unlisten.html)
      - [UPDATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-update.html)
      - [VACUUM](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-vacuum.html)
      - [VALUES](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-values.html)
    - **[PostgreSQL Client Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference-client.html)**
      - [clusterdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-clusterdb.html)
      - [createdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-createdb.html)
      - [createuser](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-createuser.html)
      - [dropdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-dropdb.html)
      - [dropuser](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-dropuser.html)
      - [ecpg](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-ecpg.html)
      - [pg_amcheck](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgamcheck.html)
      - [pg_basebackup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgbasebackup.html)
      - [pgbench](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgbench.html)
      - [pg_combinebackup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgcombinebackup.html)
      - [pg_config](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgconfig.html)
      - [pg_dump](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgdump.html)
      - [pg_dumpall](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pg-dumpall.html)
      - [pg_isready](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pg-isready.html)
      - [pg_receivewal](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgreceivewal.html)
      - [pg_recvlogical](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgrecvlogical.html)
      - [pg_restore](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html)
      - [pg_verifybackup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgverifybackup.html)
      - [psql](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-psql.html)
      - [reindexdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-reindexdb.html)
      - [vacuumdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-vacuumdb.html)
    - **[PostgreSQL Server Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/reference-server.html)**
      - [initdb](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-initdb.html)
      - [pg_archivecleanup](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgarchivecleanup.html)
      - [pg_checksums](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgchecksums.html)
      - [pg_controldata](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgcontroldata.html)
      - [pg_createsubscriber](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgcreatesubscriber.html)
      - [pg_ctl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pg-ctl.html)
      - [pg_resetwal](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgresetwal.html)
      - [pg_rewind](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgrewind.html)
      - [pg_test_fsync](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgtestfsync.html)
      - [pg_test_timing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgtesttiming.html)
      - [pg_upgrade](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgupgrade.html)
      - [pg_waldump](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgwaldump.html)
      - [pg_walsummary](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgwalsummary.html)
      - [postgres](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-postgres.html)

  - **[Part VII. Internals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/internals.html)**
    - [51. Overview of PostgreSQL Internals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/overview.html)
    - [51.1. The Path of a Query](full-docs/src/sgml/html/query-path.html)
    - [51.2. How Connections Are Established](full-docs/src/sgml/html/connect-estab.html)
    - [51.3. The Parser Stage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/parser-stage.html)
    - [51.4. The PostgreSQL Rule System](full-docs/src/sgml/html/rule-system.html)
    - [51.5. Planner/Optimizer](full-docs/src/sgml/html/planner-optimizer.html)
    - [51.6. Executor](full-docs/src/sgml/html/executor.html)
    - [52. System Catalogs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalogs.html)
    - [52.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalogs-overview.html)
    - [52.2. pg_aggregate](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-aggregate.html)
    - [52.3. pg_am](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-am.html)
    - [52.4. pg_amop](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-amop.html)
    - [52.5. pg_amproc](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-amproc.html)
    - [52.6. pg_attrdef](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-attrdef.html)
    - [52.7. pg_attribute](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-attribute.html)
    - [52.8. pg_authid](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-authid.html)
    - [52.9. pg_auth_members](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-auth-members.html)
    - [52.10. pg_cast](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-cast.html)
    - [52.11. pg_class](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-class.html)
    - [52.12. pg_collation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-collation.html)
    - [52.13. pg_constraint](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-constraint.html)
    - [52.14. pg_conversion](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-conversion.html)
    - [52.15. pg_database](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-database.html)
    - [52.16. pg_db_role_setting](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-db-role-setting.html)
    - [52.17. pg_default_acl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-default-acl.html)
    - [52.18. pg_depend](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-depend.html)
    - [52.19. pg_description](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-description.html)
    - [52.20. pg_enum](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-enum.html)
    - [52.21. pg_event_trigger](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-event-trigger.html)
    - [52.22. pg_extension](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-extension.html)
    - [52.23. pg_foreign_data_wrapper](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-foreign-data-wrapper.html)
    - [52.24. pg_foreign_server](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-foreign-server.html)
    - [52.25. pg_foreign_table](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-foreign-table.html)
    - [52.26. pg_index](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-index.html)
    - [52.27. pg_inherits](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-inherits.html)
    - [52.28. pg_init_privs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-init-privs.html)
    - [52.29. pg_language](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-language.html)
    - [52.30. pg_largeobject](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-largeobject.html)
    - [52.31. pg_largeobject_metadata](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-largeobject-metadata.html)
    - [52.32. pg_namespace](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-namespace.html)
    - [52.33. pg_opclass](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-opclass.html)
    - [52.34. pg_operator](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-operator.html)
    - [52.35. pg_opfamily](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-opfamily.html)
    - [52.36. pg_parameter_acl](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-parameter-acl.html)
    - [52.37. pg_partitioned_table](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-partitioned-table.html)
    - [52.38. pg_policy](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-policy.html)
    - [52.39. pg_proc](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-proc.html)
    - [52.40. pg_publication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-publication.html)
    - [52.41. pg_publication_namespace](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-publication-namespace.html)
    - [52.42. pg_publication_rel](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-publication-rel.html)
    - [52.43. pg_range](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-range.html)
    - [52.44. pg_replication_origin](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-replication-origin.html)
    - [52.45. pg_rewrite](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-rewrite.html)
    - [52.46. pg_seclabel](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-seclabel.html)
    - [52.47. pg_sequence](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-sequence.html)
    - [52.48. pg_shdepend](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-shdepend.html)
    - [52.49. pg_shdescription](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-shdescription.html)
    - [52.50. pg_shseclabel](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-shseclabel.html)
    - [52.51. pg_statistic](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-statistic.html)
    - [52.52. pg_statistic_ext](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-statistic-ext.html)
    - [52.53. pg_statistic_ext_data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-statistic-ext-data.html)
    - [52.54. pg_subscription](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-subscription.html)
    - [52.55. pg_subscription_rel](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-subscription-rel.html)
    - [52.56. pg_tablespace](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-tablespace.html)
    - [52.57. pg_transform](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-transform.html)
    - [52.58. pg_trigger](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-trigger.html)
    - [52.59. pg_ts_config](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-ts-config.html)
    - [52.60. pg_ts_config_map](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-ts-config-map.html)
    - [52.61. pg_ts_dict](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-ts-dict.html)
    - [52.62. pg_ts_parser](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-ts-parser.html)
    - [52.63. pg_ts_template](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-ts-template.html)
    - [52.64. pg_type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-type.html)
    - [52.65. pg_user_mapping](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalog-pg-user-mapping.html)
    - [53. System Views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/views.html)
    - [53.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/views-overview.html)
    - [53.2. pg_aios](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-aios.html)
    - [53.3. pg_available_extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-available-extensions.html)
    - [53.4. pg_available_extension_versions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-available-extension-versions.html)
    - [53.5. pg_backend_memory_contexts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-backend-memory-contexts.html)
    - [53.6. pg_config](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-config.html)
    - [53.7. pg_cursors](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-cursors.html)
    - [53.8. pg_file_settings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-file-settings.html)
    - [53.9. pg_group](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-group.html)
    - [53.10. pg_hba_file_rules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-hba-file-rules.html)
    - [53.11. pg_ident_file_mappings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-ident-file-mappings.html)
    - [53.12. pg_indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-indexes.html)
    - [53.13. pg_locks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-locks.html)
    - [53.14. pg_matviews](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-matviews.html)
    - [53.15. pg_policies](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-policies.html)
    - [53.16. pg_prepared_statements](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-prepared-statements.html)
    - [53.17. pg_prepared_xacts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-prepared-xacts.html)
    - [53.18. pg_publication_tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-publication-tables.html)
    - [53.19. pg_replication_origin_status](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-replication-origin-status.html)
    - [53.20. pg_replication_slots](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-replication-slots.html)
    - [53.21. pg_roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-roles.html)
    - [53.22. pg_rules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-rules.html)
    - [53.23. pg_seclabels](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-seclabels.html)
    - [53.24. pg_sequences](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-sequences.html)
    - [53.25. pg_settings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-settings.html)
    - [53.26. pg_shadow](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-shadow.html)
    - [53.27. pg_shmem_allocations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-shmem-allocations.html)
    - [53.28. pg_shmem_allocations_numa](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-shmem-allocations-numa.html)
    - [53.29. pg_stats](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-stats.html)
    - [53.30. pg_stats_ext](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-stats-ext.html)
    - [53.31. pg_stats_ext_exprs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-stats-ext-exprs.html)
    - [53.32. pg_tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-tables.html)
    - [53.33. pg_timezone_abbrevs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-timezone-abbrevs.html)
    - [53.34. pg_timezone_names](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-timezone-names.html)
    - [53.35. pg_user](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-user.html)
    - [53.36. pg_user_mappings](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-user-mappings.html)
    - [53.37. pg_views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-views.html)
    - [53.38. pg_wait_events](full-docs/src/sgml/html/view-pg-wait-events.html)
    - [54. Frontend/Backend Protocol](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol.html)
    - [54.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-overview.html)
    - [54.2. Message Flow](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-flow.html)
    - [54.3. SASL Authentication](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sasl-authentication.html)
    - [54.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-replication.html)
    - [54.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-logical-replication.html)
    - [54.6. Message Data Types](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-message-types.html)
    - [54.7. Message Formats](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-message-formats.html)
    - [54.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-error-fields.html)
    - [54.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-logicalrep-message-formats.html)
    - [54.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol-changes.html)
    - [55. PostgreSQL Coding Conventions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/source.html)
    - [55.1. Formatting](full-docs/src/sgml/html/source-format.html)
    - [55.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](full-docs/src/sgml/html/error-message-reporting.html)
    - [55.3. Error Message Style Guide](full-docs/src/sgml/html/error-style-guide.html)
    - [55.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/source-conventions.html)
    - [56. Native Language Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls.html)
    - [56.1. For the Translator](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-translator.html)
    - [56.2. For the Programmer](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-programmer.html)
    - [57. Writing a Procedural Language Handler](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plhandler.html)
    - [58. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdwhandler.html)
    - [58.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-functions.html)
    - [58.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html)
    - [58.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-helpers.html)
    - [58.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-planning.html)
    - [58.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-row-locking.html)
    - [59. Writing a Table Sampling Method](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tablesample-method.html)
    - [59.1. Sampling Method Support Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tablesample-support-functions.html)
    - [60. Writing a Custom Scan Provider](full-docs/src/sgml/html/custom-scan.html)
    - [60.1. Creating Custom Scan Paths](full-docs/src/sgml/html/custom-scan-path.html)
    - [60.2. Creating Custom Scan Plans](full-docs/src/sgml/html/custom-scan-plan.html)
    - [60.3. Executing Custom Scans](full-docs/src/sgml/html/custom-scan-execution.html)
    - [61. Genetic Query Optimizer](full-docs/src/sgml/html/geqo.html)
    - [61.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem](full-docs/src/sgml/html/geqo-intro.html)
    - [61.2. Genetic Algorithms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/geqo-intro2.html)
    - [61.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL](full-docs/src/sgml/html/geqo-pg-intro.html)
    - [61.4. Further Reading](full-docs/src/sgml/html/geqo-biblio.html)
    - [62. Table Access Method Interface Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tableam.html)
    - [63. Index Access Method Interface Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexam.html)
    - [63.1. Basic API Structure for Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/index-api.html)
    - [63.2. Index Access Method Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/index-functions.html)
    - [63.3. Index Scanning](full-docs/src/sgml/html/index-scanning.html)
    - [63.4. Index Locking Considerations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/index-locking.html)
    - [63.5. Index Uniqueness Checks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/index-unique-checks.html)
    - [63.6. Index Cost Estimation Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/index-cost-estimation.html)
    - [64. Write Ahead Logging for Extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-for-extensions.html)
    - [64.1. Generic WAL Records](full-docs/src/sgml/html/generic-wal.html)
    - [64.2. Custom WAL Resource Managers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/custom-rmgr.html)
    - [65. Built-in Index Access Methods](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indextypes.html)
    - [65.1. B-Tree Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree.html)
    - [65.2. GiST Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gist.html)
    - [65.3. SP-GiST Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spgist.html)
    - [65.4. GIN Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html)
    - [65.5. BRIN Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/brin.html)
    - [65.6. Hash Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/hash-index.html)
    - [66. Database Physical Storage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage.html)
    - [66.1. Database File Layout](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage-file-layout.html)
    - [66.2. TOAST](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage-toast.html)
    - [66.3. Free Space Map](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage-fsm.html)
    - [66.4. Visibility Map](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage-vm.html)
    - [66.5. The Initialization Fork](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage-init.html)
    - [66.6. Database Page Layout](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage-page-layout.html)
    - [66.7. Heap-Only Tuples (HOT)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage-hot.html)
    - [67. Transaction Processing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/transactions.html)
    - [67.1. Transactions and Identifiers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/transaction-id.html)
    - [67.2. Transactions and Locking](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xact-locking.html)
    - [67.3. Subtransactions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/subxacts.html)
    - [67.4. Two-Phase Transactions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/two-phase.html)
    - [68. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bki.html)
    - [68.1. System Catalog Declaration Rules](full-docs/src/sgml/html/system-catalog-declarations.html)
    - [68.2. System Catalog Initial Data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/system-catalog-initial-data.html)
    - [68.3. BKI File Format](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bki-format.html)
    - [68.4. BKI Commands](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bki-commands.html)
    - [68.5. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bki-structure.html)
    - [68.6. BKI Example](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bki-example.html)
    - [69. How the Planner Uses Statistics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/planner-stats-details.html)
    - [69.1. Row Estimation Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/row-estimation-examples.html)
    - [69.2. Multivariate Statistics Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/multivariate-statistics-examples.html)
    - [69.3. Planner Statistics and Security](full-docs/src/sgml/html/planner-stats-security.html)
    - [70. Backup Manifest Format](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-manifest-format.html)
    - [70.1. Backup Manifest Top-level Object](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-manifest-toplevel.html)
    - [70.2. Backup Manifest File Object](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-manifest-files.html)
    - [70.3. Backup Manifest WAL Range Object](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-manifest-wal-ranges.html)
    - **[Chapter 51. Overview of PostgreSQL Internals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/overview.html)**
    - **[Chapter 52. System Catalogs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/catalogs.html)**
    - **[Chapter 53. System Views](full-docs/src/sgml/html/views.html)**
    - **[Chapter 54. Frontend/Backend Protocol](full-docs/src/sgml/html/protocol.html)**
    - **[Chapter 55. PostgreSQL Coding Conventions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/source.html)**
      - [55.1. Formatting](full-docs/src/sgml/html/source-format.html)
      - [55.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](full-docs/src/sgml/html/error-message-reporting.html)
      - [55.3. Error Message Style Guide](full-docs/src/sgml/html/error-style-guide.html)
      - [55.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/source-conventions.html)
    - **[Chapter 56. Native Language Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls.html)**
      - [56.1. For the Translator](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-translator.html)
      - [56.1.1. Requirements](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-translator.html#NLS-TRANSLATOR-REQUIREMENTS)
      - [56.1.2. Concepts](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-translator.html#NLS-TRANSLATOR-CONCEPTS)
      - [56.1.3. Creating and Maintaining Message Catalogs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-translator.html#NLS-TRANSLATOR-MESSAGE-CATALOGS)
      - [56.1.4. Editing the PO Files](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-translator.html#NLS-TRANSLATOR-EDITING-PO)
      - [56.2. For the Programmer](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-programmer.html)
      - [56.2.1. Mechanics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-programmer.html#NLS-MECHANICS)
      - [56.2.2. Message-Writing Guidelines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/nls-programmer.html#NLS-GUIDELINES)
    - **[Chapter 57. Writing a Procedural Language Handler](full-docs/src/sgml/html/plhandler.html)**
    - **[Chapter 58. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdwhandler.html)**
      - [58.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-functions.html)
      - [58.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html)
      - [58.2.1. FDW Routines for Scanning Foreign Tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-SCAN)
      - [58.2.2. FDW Routines for Scanning Foreign Joins](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-JOIN-SCAN)
      - [58.2.3. FDW Routines for Planning Post-Scan/Join Processing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-UPPER-PLANNING)
      - [58.2.4. FDW Routines for Updating Foreign Tables](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-UPDATE)
      - [58.2.5. FDW Routines for TRUNCATE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-TRUNCATE)
      - [58.2.6. FDW Routines for Row Locking](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-ROW-LOCKING)
      - [58.2.7. FDW Routines for EXPLAIN](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-EXPLAIN)
      - [58.2.8. FDW Routines for ANALYZE](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-ANALYZE)
      - [58.2.9. FDW Routines for IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-IMPORT)
      - [58.2.10. FDW Routines for Parallel Execution](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-PARALLEL)
      - [58.2.11. FDW Routines for Asynchronous Execution](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-ASYNC)
      - [58.2.12. FDW Routines for Reparameterization of Paths](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-callbacks.html#FDW-CALLBACKS-REPARAMETERIZE-PATHS)
      - [58.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-helpers.html)
      - [58.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-planning.html)
      - [58.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fdw-row-locking.html)
    - **[Chapter 59. Writing a Table Sampling Method](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tablesample-method.html)**
    - **[Chapter 60. Writing a Custom Scan Provider](full-docs/src/sgml/html/custom-scan.html)**
    - **[Chapter 61. Genetic Query Optimizer](full-docs/src/sgml/html/geqo.html)**
    - **[Chapter 62. Table Access Method Interface Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tableam.html)**
    - **[Chapter 63. Index Access Method Interface Definition](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indexam.html)**
    - **[Chapter 64. Write Ahead Logging for Extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/wal-for-extensions.html)**
    - **[Chapter 65. Built-in Index Access Methods](full-docs/src/sgml/html/indextypes.html)**
      - [65.1. B-Tree Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree.html)
      - [65.1.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree.html#BTREE-INTRO)
      - [65.1.2. Behavior of B-Tree Operator Classes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree.html#BTREE-BEHAVIOR)
      - [65.1.3. B-Tree Support Functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree.html#BTREE-SUPPORT-FUNCS)
      - [65.1.4. Implementation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree.html#BTREE-IMPLEMENTATION)
      - [65.2. GiST Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gist.html)
      - [65.2.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gist.html#GIST-INTRO)
      - [65.2.2. Built-in Operator Classes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gist.html#GIST-BUILTIN-OPCLASSES)
      - [65.2.3. Extensibility](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gist.html#GIST-EXTENSIBILITY)
      - [65.2.4. Implementation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gist.html#GIST-IMPLEMENTATION)
      - [65.2.5. Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gist.html#GIST-EXAMPLES)
      - [65.3. SP-GiST Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spgist.html)
      - [65.3.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spgist.html#SPGIST-INTRO)
      - [65.3.2. Built-in Operator Classes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spgist.html#SPGIST-BUILTIN-OPCLASSES)
      - [65.3.3. Extensibility](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spgist.html#SPGIST-EXTENSIBILITY)
      - [65.3.4. Implementation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spgist.html#SPGIST-IMPLEMENTATION)
      - [65.3.5. Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/spgist.html#SPGIST-EXAMPLES)
      - [65.4. GIN Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html)
      - [65.4.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html#GIN-INTRO)
      - [65.4.2. Built-in Operator Classes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html#GIN-BUILTIN-OPCLASSES)
      - [65.4.3. Extensibility](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html#GIN-EXTENSIBILITY)
      - [65.4.4. Implementation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html#GIN-IMPLEMENTATION)
      - [65.4.5. GIN Tips and Tricks](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html#GIN-TIPS)
      - [65.4.6. Limitations](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html#GIN-LIMIT)
      - [65.4.7. Examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/gin.html#GIN-EXAMPLES)
      - [65.5. BRIN Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/brin.html)
      - [65.5.1. Introduction](full-docs/src/sgml/html/brin.html#BRIN-INTRO)
      - [65.5.2. Built-in Operator Classes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/brin.html#BRIN-BUILTIN-OPCLASSES)
      - [65.5.3. Extensibility](full-docs/src/sgml/html/brin.html#BRIN-EXTENSIBILITY)
      - [65.6. Hash Indexes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/hash-index.html)
      - [65.6.1. Overview](full-docs/src/sgml/html/hash-index.html#HASH-INTRO)
      - [65.6.2. Implementation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/hash-index.html#HASH-IMPLEMENTATION)
    - **[Chapter 66. Database Physical Storage](full-docs/src/sgml/html/storage.html)**
    - **[Chapter 67. Transaction Processing](full-docs/src/sgml/html/transactions.html)**
    - **[Chapter 68. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bki.html)**
    - **[Chapter 69. How the Planner Uses Statistics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/planner-stats-details.html)**
    - **[Chapter 70. Backup Manifest Format](full-docs/src/sgml/html/backup-manifest-format.html)**

  - **[Part VIII. Appendixes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/appendixes.html)**
    - [A. PostgreSQL Error Codes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/errcodes-appendix.html)
    - [B. Date/Time Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-appendix.html)
    - [B.1. Date/Time Input Interpretation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-input-rules.html)
    - [B.2. Handling of Invalid or Ambiguous Timestamps](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-invalid-input.html)
    - [B.3. Date/Time Key Words](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-keywords.html)
    - [B.4. Date/Time Configuration Files](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-config-files.html)
    - [B.5. POSIX Time Zone Specifications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-posix-timezone-specs.html)
    - [B.6. History of Units](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-units-history.html)
    - [B.7. Julian Dates](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-julian-dates.html)
    - [C. SQL Key Words](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-keywords-appendix.html)
    - [D. SQL Conformance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/features.html)
    - [D.1. Supported Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/features-sql-standard.html)
    - [D.2. Unsupported Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/unsupported-features-sql-standard.html)
    - [D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xml-limits-conformance.html)
    - [E. Release Notes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/release.html)
    - [E.1. Release 18](full-docs/src/sgml/html/release-18.html)
    - [E.2. Prior Releases](full-docs/src/sgml/html/release-prior.html)
    - [F. Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib.html)
    - [F.1. amcheck — tools to verify table and index consistency](full-docs/src/sgml/html/amcheck.html)
    - [F.2. auth_delay — pause on authentication failure](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auth-delay.html)
    - [F.3. auto_explain — log execution plans of slow queries](full-docs/src/sgml/html/auto-explain.html)
    - [F.4. basebackup_to_shell — example "shell" pg_basebackup module](full-docs/src/sgml/html/basebackup-to-shell.html)
    - [F.5. basic_archive — an example WAL archive module](full-docs/src/sgml/html/basic-archive.html)
    - [F.6. bloom — bloom filter index access method](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bloom.html)
    - [F.7. btree_gin — GIN operator classes with B-tree behavior](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree-gin.html)
    - [F.8. btree_gist — GiST operator classes with B-tree behavior](full-docs/src/sgml/html/btree-gist.html)
    - [F.9. citext — a case-insensitive character string type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/citext.html)
    - [F.10. cube — a multi-dimensional cube data type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/cube.html)
    - [F.11. dblink — connect to other PostgreSQL databases](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dblink.html)
    - [F.13. dict_xsyn — example synonym full-text search dictionary](full-docs/src/sgml/html/dict-xsyn.html)
    - [F.14. earthdistance — calculate great-circle distances](full-docs/src/sgml/html/earthdistance.html)
    - [F.15. file_fdw — access data files in the server's file system](full-docs/src/sgml/html/file-fdw.html)
    - [F.16. fuzzystrmatch — determine string similarities and distance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/fuzzystrmatch.html)
    - [F.17. hstore — hstore key/value datatype](full-docs/src/sgml/html/hstore.html)
    - [F.18. intagg — integer aggregator and enumerator](full-docs/src/sgml/html/intagg.html)
    - [F.19. intarray — manipulate arrays of integers](full-docs/src/sgml/html/intarray.html)
    - [F.20. isn — data types for international standard numbers (ISBN, EAN, UPC, etc.)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/isn.html)
    - [F.21. lo — manage large objects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/lo.html)
    - [F.22. ltree — hierarchical tree-like data type](full-docs/src/sgml/html/ltree.html)
    - [F.23. pageinspect — low-level inspection of database pages](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pageinspect.html)
    - [F.24. passwordcheck — verify password strength](full-docs/src/sgml/html/passwordcheck.html)
    - [F.26. pgcrypto — cryptographic functions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgcrypto.html)
    - [F.27. pg_freespacemap — examine the free space map](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgfreespacemap.html)
    - [F.28. pg_logicalinspect — logical decoding components inspection](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pglogicalinspect.html)
    - [F.29. pg_overexplain — allow EXPLAIN to dump even more details](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgoverexplain.html)
    - [F.30. pg_prewarm — preload relation data into buffer caches](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgprewarm.html)
    - [F.31. pgrowlocks — show a table's row locking information](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgrowlocks.html)
    - [F.32. pg_stat_statements — track statistics of SQL planning and execution](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgstatstatements.html)
    - [F.33. pgstattuple — obtain tuple-level statistics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgstattuple.html)
    - [F.34. pg_surgery — perform low-level surgery on relation data](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgsurgery.html)
    - [F.36. pg_visibility — visibility map information and utilities](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgvisibility.html)
    - [F.37. pg_walinspect — low-level WAL inspection](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgwalinspect.html)
    - [F.39. seg — a datatype for line segments or floating point intervals](full-docs/src/sgml/html/seg.html)
    - [F.41. spi — Server Programming Interface features/examples](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib-spi.html)
    - [F.42. sslinfo — obtain client SSL information](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sslinfo.html)
    - [F.43. tablefunc — functions that return tables (crosstab and others)](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tablefunc.html)
    - [F.44. tcn — a trigger function to notify listeners of changes to table content](full-docs/src/sgml/html/tcn.html)
    - [F.45. test_decoding — SQL-based test/example module for WAL logical decoding](full-docs/src/sgml/html/test-decoding.html)
    - [F.48. unaccent — a text search dictionary which removes diacritics](full-docs/src/sgml/html/unaccent.html)
    - [F.49. uuid-ossp — a UUID generator](full-docs/src/sgml/html/uuid-ossp.html)
    - [F.50. xml2 — XPath querying and XSLT functionality](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xml2.html)
    - [G. Additional Supplied Programs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib-prog.html)
    - [G.1. Client Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib-prog-client.html)
    - [G.2. Server Applications](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib-prog-server.html)
    - [H. External Projects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/external-projects.html)
    - [H.1. Client Interfaces](full-docs/src/sgml/html/external-interfaces.html)
    - [H.2. Administration Tools](full-docs/src/sgml/html/external-admin-tools.html)
    - [H.3. Procedural Languages](full-docs/src/sgml/html/external-pl.html)
    - [H.4. Extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/external-extensions.html)
    - [I. The Source Code Repository](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sourcerepo.html)
    - [I.1. Getting the Source via Git](full-docs/src/sgml/html/git.html)
    - [J. Documentation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide.html)
    - [J.1. DocBook](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide-docbook.html)
    - [J.2. Tool Sets](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide-toolsets.html)
    - [J.3. Building the Documentation with Make](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide-build.html)
    - [J.4. Building the Documentation with Meson](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide-build-meson.html)
    - [J.5. Documentation Authoring](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide-authoring.html)
    - [J.6. Style Guide](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide-style.html)
    - [K. PostgreSQL Limits](full-docs/src/sgml/html/limits.html)
    - [L. Acronyms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/acronyms.html)
    - [M. Glossary](full-docs/src/sgml/html/glossary.html)
    - [N. Color Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/color.html)
    - [N.1. When Color is Used](full-docs/src/sgml/html/color-when.html)
    - [N.2. Configuring the Colors](full-docs/src/sgml/html/color-which.html)
    - [O. Obsolete or Renamed Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/appendix-obsolete.html)
    - [O.1. recovery.conf file merged into postgresql.conf](full-docs/src/sgml/html/recovery-config.html)
    - [O.2. Default Roles Renamed to Predefined Roles](full-docs/src/sgml/html/default-roles.html)
    - [O.3. pg_xlogdump renamed to pg_waldump](full-docs/src/sgml/html/pgxlogdump.html)
    - [O.4. pg_resetxlog renamed to pg_resetwal](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgresetxlog.html)
    - [O.5. pg_receivexlog renamed to pg_receivewal](full-docs/src/sgml/html/app-pgreceivexlog.html)
    - **[Appendix A. PostgreSQL Error Codes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/errcodes-appendix.html)**
    - **[Appendix B. Date/Time Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/datetime-appendix.html)**
    - **[Appendix C. SQL Key Words](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sql-keywords-appendix.html)**
    - **[Appendix D. SQL Conformance](full-docs/src/sgml/html/features.html)**
      - [D.1. Supported Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/features-sql-standard.html)
      - [D.2. Unsupported Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/unsupported-features-sql-standard.html)
      - [D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xml-limits-conformance.html)
      - [D.3.1. Queries Are Restricted to XPath 1.0](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xml-limits-conformance.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-LIMITS-XPATH1)
      - [D.3.2. Incidental Limits of the Implementation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/xml-limits-conformance.html#FUNCTIONS-XML-LIMITS-POSTGRESQL)
    - **[Appendix E. Release Notes](full-docs/src/sgml/html/release.html)**
    - **[Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib.html)**
    - **[Appendix G. Additional Supplied Programs](full-docs/src/sgml/html/contrib-prog.html)**
    - **[Appendix H. External Projects](full-docs/src/sgml/html/external-projects.html)**
    - **[Appendix I. The Source Code Repository](full-docs/src/sgml/html/sourcerepo.html)**
    - **[Appendix J. Documentation](full-docs/src/sgml/html/docguide.html)**
    - **[Appendix K. PostgreSQL Limits](full-docs/src/sgml/html/limits.html)**
    - **[Appendix L. Acronyms](full-docs/src/sgml/html/acronyms.html)**
    - **[Appendix M. Glossary](full-docs/src/sgml/html/glossary.html)**
    - **[Appendix N. Color Support](full-docs/src/sgml/html/color.html)**
    - **[Appendix O. Obsolete or Renamed Features](full-docs/src/sgml/html/appendix-obsolete.html)**

  - **[Bibliography](full-docs/src/sgml/html/biblio.html)**

  - **[Index](full-docs/src/sgml/html/bookindex.html)**