2 F.41. spi — Server Programming Interface features/examples #
4 F.41.1. refint — Functions for Implementing Referential Integrity
5 F.41.2. autoinc — Functions for Autoincrementing Fields
6 F.41.3. insert_username — Functions for Tracking Who Changed a Table
7 F.41.4. moddatetime — Functions for Tracking Last Modification Time
9 The spi module provides several workable examples of using the Server
10 Programming Interface (SPI) and triggers. While these functions are of
11 some value in their own right, they are even more useful as examples to
12 modify for your own purposes. The functions are general enough to be
13 used with any table, but you have to specify table and field names (as
14 described below) while creating a trigger.
16 Each of the groups of functions described below is provided as a
17 separately-installable extension.
19 F.41.1. refint — Functions for Implementing Referential Integrity #
21 check_primary_key() and check_foreign_key() are used to check foreign
22 key constraints. (This functionality is long since superseded by the
23 built-in foreign key mechanism, of course, but the module is still
24 useful as an example.)
26 check_primary_key() checks the referencing table. To use, create an
27 AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE trigger using this function on a table
28 referencing another table. Specify as the trigger arguments: the
29 referencing table's column name(s) which form the foreign key, the
30 referenced table name, and the column names in the referenced table
31 which form the primary/unique key. To handle multiple foreign keys,
32 create a trigger for each reference.
34 check_foreign_key() checks the referenced table. To use, create an
35 AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE trigger using this function on a table
36 referenced by other table(s). Specify as the trigger arguments: the
37 number of referencing tables for which the function has to perform
38 checking, the action if a referencing key is found (cascade — to delete
39 the referencing row, restrict — to abort transaction if referencing
40 keys exist, setnull — to set referencing key fields to null), the
41 triggered table's column names which form the primary/unique key, then
42 the referencing table name and column names (repeated for as many
43 referencing tables as were specified by first argument). Note that the
44 primary/unique key columns should be marked NOT NULL and should have a
47 Note that if these triggers are executed from another BEFORE trigger,
48 they can fail unexpectedly. For example, if a user inserts row1 and
49 then the BEFORE trigger inserts row2 and calls a trigger with the
50 check_foreign_key(), the check_foreign_key() function will not see row1
53 There are examples in refint.example.
55 F.41.2. autoinc — Functions for Autoincrementing Fields #
57 autoinc() is a trigger that stores the next value of a sequence into an
58 integer field. This has some overlap with the built-in “serial column”
59 feature, but it is not the same. The trigger will replace the field's
60 value only if that value is initially zero or null (after the action of
61 the SQL statement that inserted or updated the row). Also, if the
62 sequence's next value is zero, nextval() will be called a second time
63 in order to obtain a non-zero value.
65 To use, create a BEFORE INSERT (or optionally BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE)
66 trigger using this function. Specify two trigger arguments: the name of
67 the integer column to be modified, and the name of the sequence object
68 that will supply values. (Actually, you can specify any number of pairs
69 of such names, if you'd like to update more than one autoincrementing
72 There is an example in autoinc.example.
74 F.41.3. insert_username — Functions for Tracking Who Changed a Table #
76 insert_username() is a trigger that stores the current user's name into
77 a text field. This can be useful for tracking who last modified a
78 particular row within a table.
80 To use, create a BEFORE INSERT and/or UPDATE trigger using this
81 function. Specify a single trigger argument: the name of the text
82 column to be modified.
84 There is an example in insert_username.example.
86 F.41.4. moddatetime — Functions for Tracking Last Modification Time #
88 moddatetime() is a trigger that stores the current time into a
89 timestamp field. This can be useful for tracking the last modification
90 time of a particular row within a table.
92 To use, create a BEFORE UPDATE trigger using this function. Specify a
93 single trigger argument: the name of the column to be modified. The
94 column must be of type timestamp or timestamp with time zone.
96 There is an example in moddatetime.example.