4 The role used for the replication connection must have the REPLICATION
5 attribute (or be a superuser). If the role lacks SUPERUSER and
6 BYPASSRLS, publisher row security policies can execute. If the role
7 does not trust all table owners, include options=-crow_security=off in
8 the connection string; if a table owner then adds a row security
9 policy, that setting will cause replication to halt rather than execute
10 the policy. Access for the role must be configured in pg_hba.conf and
11 it must have the LOGIN attribute.
13 In order to be able to copy the initial table data, the role used for
14 the replication connection must have the SELECT privilege on a
15 published table (or be a superuser).
17 To create a publication, the user must have the CREATE privilege in the
20 To add tables to a publication, the user must have ownership rights on
21 the table. To add all tables in schema to a publication, the user must
22 be a superuser. To create a publication that publishes all tables or
23 all tables in schema automatically, the user must be a superuser.
25 There are currently no privileges on publications. Any subscription
26 (that is able to connect) can access any publication. Thus, if you
27 intend to hide some information from particular subscribers, such as by
28 using row filters or column lists, or by not adding the whole table to
29 the publication, be aware that other publications in the same database
30 could expose the same information. Publication privileges might be
31 added to PostgreSQL in the future to allow for finer-grained access
34 To create a subscription, the user must have the privileges of the
35 pg_create_subscription role, as well as CREATE privileges on the
38 The subscription apply process will, at a session level, run with the
39 privileges of the subscription owner. However, when performing an
40 insert, update, delete, or truncate operation on a particular table, it
41 will switch roles to the table owner and perform the operation with the
42 table owner's privileges. This means that the subscription owner needs
43 to be able to SET ROLE to each role that owns a replicated table.
45 If the subscription has been configured with run_as_owner = true, then
46 no user switching will occur. Instead, all operations will be performed
47 with the permissions of the subscription owner. In this case, the
48 subscription owner only needs privileges to SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and
49 DELETE from the target table, and does not need privileges to SET ROLE
50 to the table owner. However, this also means that any user who owns a
51 table into which replication is happening can execute arbitrary code
52 with the privileges of the subscription owner. For example, they could
53 do this by simply attaching a trigger to one of the tables which they
54 own. Because it is usually undesirable to allow one role to freely
55 assume the privileges of another, this option should be avoided unless
56 user security within the database is of no concern.
58 On the publisher, privileges are only checked once at the start of a
59 replication connection and are not re-checked as each change record is
62 On the subscriber, the subscription owner's privileges are re-checked
63 for each transaction when applied. If a worker is in the process of
64 applying a transaction when the ownership of the subscription is
65 changed by a concurrent transaction, the application of the current
66 transaction will continue under the old owner's privileges.