4 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE — define a new foreign table
8 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name ( [
9 { column_name data_type [ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] [ COLLATE coll
10 ation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
12 | LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] }
15 [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
17 [ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ]
19 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name
20 PARTITION OF parent_table [ (
21 { column_name [ WITH OPTIONS ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
25 { FOR VALUES partition_bound_spec | DEFAULT }
27 [ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ]
29 where column_constraint is:
31 [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
32 { NOT NULL [ NO INHERIT ] |
34 CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] |
35 DEFAULT default_expr |
36 GENERATED ALWAYS AS ( generation_expr ) [ STORED | VIRTUAL ] }
37 [ ENFORCED | NOT ENFORCED ]
39 and table_constraint is:
41 [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
42 { NOT NULL column_name [ NO INHERIT ] |
43 CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] }
44 [ ENFORCED | NOT ENFORCED ]
48 { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { COMMENTS | CONSTRAINTS | DEFAULTS | GENERATED | STAT
51 and partition_bound_spec is:
53 IN ( partition_bound_expr [, ...] ) |
54 FROM ( { partition_bound_expr | MINVALUE | MAXVALUE } [, ...] )
55 TO ( { partition_bound_expr | MINVALUE | MAXVALUE } [, ...] ) |
56 WITH ( MODULUS numeric_literal, REMAINDER numeric_literal )
60 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE creates a new foreign table in the current
61 database. The table will be owned by the user issuing the command.
63 If a schema name is given (for example, CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
64 myschema.mytable ...) then the table is created in the specified
65 schema. Otherwise it is created in the current schema. The name of the
66 foreign table must be distinct from the name of any other relation
67 (table, sequence, index, view, materialized view, or foreign table) in
70 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE also automatically creates a data type that
71 represents the composite type corresponding to one row of the foreign
72 table. Therefore, foreign tables cannot have the same name as any
73 existing data type in the same schema.
75 If PARTITION OF clause is specified then the table is created as a
76 partition of parent_table with specified bounds.
78 To be able to create a foreign table, you must have USAGE privilege on
79 the foreign server, as well as USAGE privilege on all column types used
85 Do not throw an error if a relation with the same name already
86 exists. A notice is issued in this case. Note that there is no
87 guarantee that the existing relation is anything like the one
88 that would have been created.
91 The name (optionally schema-qualified) of the table to be
95 The name of a column to be created in the new table.
98 The data type of the column. This can include array specifiers.
99 For more information on the data types supported by PostgreSQL,
103 The COLLATE clause assigns a collation to the column (which must
104 be of a collatable data type). If not specified, the column data
105 type's default collation is used.
107 INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] )
108 The optional INHERITS clause specifies a list of tables from
109 which the new foreign table automatically inherits all columns.
110 Parent tables can be plain tables or foreign tables. See the
111 similar form of CREATE TABLE for more details.
113 PARTITION OF parent_table { FOR VALUES partition_bound_spec | DEFAULT }
114 This form can be used to create the foreign table as partition
115 of the given parent table with specified partition bound values.
116 See the similar form of CREATE TABLE for more details. Note that
117 it is currently not allowed to create the foreign table as a
118 partition of the parent table if there are UNIQUE indexes on the
119 parent table. (See also ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION.)
121 LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ]
122 The LIKE clause specifies a table from which the new table
123 automatically copies all column names, their data types, and
124 their not-null constraints.
126 Unlike INHERITS, the new table and original table are completely
127 decoupled after creation is complete. Changes to the original
128 table will not be applied to the new table, and it is not
129 possible to include data of the new table in scans of the
132 Also unlike INHERITS, columns and constraints copied by LIKE are
133 not merged with similarly named columns and constraints. If the
134 same name is specified explicitly or in another LIKE clause, an
137 The optional like_option clauses specify which additional
138 properties of the original table to copy. Specifying INCLUDING
139 copies the property, specifying EXCLUDING omits the property.
140 EXCLUDING is the default. If multiple specifications are made
141 for the same kind of object, the last one is used. The available
145 Comments for the copied columns and constraints will be
146 copied. The default behavior is to exclude comments,
147 resulting in the copied columns and constraints in the new
148 table having no comments.
150 INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS
151 CHECK constraints will be copied. No distinction is made
152 between column constraints and table constraints. Not-null
153 constraints are always copied to the new table.
156 Default expressions for the copied column definitions will
157 be copied. Otherwise, default expressions are not copied,
158 resulting in the copied columns in the new table having
159 null defaults. Note that copying defaults that call
160 database-modification functions, such as nextval, may
161 create a functional linkage between the original and new
165 Any generation expressions of copied column definitions
166 will be copied. By default, new columns will be regular
170 Extended statistics are copied to the new table.
173 INCLUDING ALL is an abbreviated form selecting all the
174 available individual options. (It could be useful to write
175 individual EXCLUDING clauses after INCLUDING ALL to select
176 all but some specific options.)
178 CONSTRAINT constraint_name
179 An optional name for a column or table constraint. If the
180 constraint is violated, the constraint name is present in error
181 messages, so constraint names like col must be positive can be
182 used to communicate helpful constraint information to client
183 applications. (Double-quotes are needed to specify constraint
184 names that contain spaces.) If a constraint name is not
185 specified, the system generates a name.
187 NOT NULL [ NO INHERIT ]
188 The column is not allowed to contain null values.
190 A constraint marked with NO INHERIT will not propagate to child
194 The column is allowed to contain null values. This is the
197 This clause is only provided for compatibility with non-standard
198 SQL databases. Its use is discouraged in new applications.
200 CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ]
201 The CHECK clause specifies an expression producing a Boolean
202 result which each row in the foreign table is expected to
203 satisfy; that is, the expression should produce TRUE or UNKNOWN,
204 never FALSE, for all rows in the foreign table. A check
205 constraint specified as a column constraint should reference
206 that column's value only, while an expression appearing in a
207 table constraint can reference multiple columns.
209 Currently, CHECK expressions cannot contain subqueries nor refer
210 to variables other than columns of the current row. The system
211 column tableoid may be referenced, but not any other system
214 A constraint marked with NO INHERIT will not propagate to child
218 The DEFAULT clause assigns a default data value for the column
219 whose column definition it appears within. The value is any
220 variable-free expression (subqueries and cross-references to
221 other columns in the current table are not allowed). The data
222 type of the default expression must match the data type of the
225 The default expression will be used in any insert operation that
226 does not specify a value for the column. If there is no default
227 for a column, then the default is null.
229 GENERATED ALWAYS AS ( generation_expr ) [ STORED | VIRTUAL ]
230 This clause creates the column as a generated column. The column
231 cannot be written to, and when read the result of the specified
232 expression will be returned.
234 When VIRTUAL is specified, the column will be computed when it
235 is read. (The foreign-data wrapper will see it as a null value
236 in new rows and may choose to store it as a null value or ignore
237 it altogether.) When STORED is specified, the column will be
238 computed on write. (The computed value will be presented to the
239 foreign-data wrapper for storage and must be returned on
240 reading.) VIRTUAL is the default.
242 The generation expression can refer to other columns in the
243 table, but not other generated columns. Any functions and
244 operators used must be immutable. References to other tables are
248 The name of an existing foreign server to use for the foreign
249 table. For details on defining a server, see CREATE SERVER.
251 OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ...] )
252 Options to be associated with the new foreign table or one of
253 its columns. The allowed option names and values are specific to
254 each foreign data wrapper and are validated using the
255 foreign-data wrapper's validator function. Duplicate option
256 names are not allowed (although it's OK for a table option and a
257 column option to have the same name).
261 Constraints on foreign tables (such as CHECK or NOT NULL clauses) are
262 not enforced by the core PostgreSQL system, and most foreign data
263 wrappers do not attempt to enforce them either; that is, the constraint
264 is simply assumed to hold true. There would be little point in such
265 enforcement since it would only apply to rows inserted or updated via
266 the foreign table, and not to rows modified by other means, such as
267 directly on the remote server. Instead, a constraint attached to a
268 foreign table should represent a constraint that is being enforced by
271 Some special-purpose foreign data wrappers might be the only access
272 mechanism for the data they access, and in that case it might be
273 appropriate for the foreign data wrapper itself to perform constraint
274 enforcement. But you should not assume that a wrapper does that unless
275 its documentation says so.
277 Although PostgreSQL does not attempt to enforce constraints on foreign
278 tables, it does assume that they are correct for purposes of query
279 optimization. If there are rows visible in the foreign table that do
280 not satisfy a declared constraint, queries on the table might produce
281 errors or incorrect answers. It is the user's responsibility to ensure
282 that the constraint definition matches reality.
286 When a foreign table is used as a partition of a partitioned table,
287 there is an implicit constraint that its contents must satisfy the
288 partitioning rule. Again, it is the user's responsibility to ensure
289 that that is true, which is best done by installing a matching
290 constraint on the remote server.
292 Within a partitioned table containing foreign-table partitions, an
293 UPDATE that changes the partition key value can cause a row to be moved
294 from a local partition to a foreign-table partition, provided the
295 foreign data wrapper supports tuple routing. However, it is not
296 currently possible to move a row from a foreign-table partition to
297 another partition. An UPDATE that would require doing that will fail
298 due to the partitioning constraint, assuming that that is properly
299 enforced by the remote server.
301 Similar considerations apply to generated columns. Stored generated
302 columns are computed on insert or update on the local PostgreSQL server
303 and handed to the foreign-data wrapper for writing out to the foreign
304 data store, but it is not enforced that a query of the foreign table
305 returns values for stored generated columns that are consistent with
306 the generation expression. Again, this might result in incorrect query
311 Create foreign table films, which will be accessed through the server
313 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE films (
314 code char(5) NOT NULL,
315 title varchar(40) NOT NULL,
316 did integer NOT NULL,
319 len interval hour to minute
323 Create foreign table measurement_y2016m07, which will be accessed
324 through the server server_07, as a partition of the range partitioned
326 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE measurement_y2016m07
327 PARTITION OF measurement FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01')
332 The CREATE FOREIGN TABLE command largely conforms to the SQL standard;
333 however, much as with CREATE TABLE, NULL constraints and zero-column
334 foreign tables are permitted. The ability to specify column default
335 values is also a PostgreSQL extension. Table inheritance, in the form
336 defined by PostgreSQL, is nonstandard. The LIKE clause, as supported in
337 this command, is nonstandard.
341 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE, DROP FOREIGN TABLE, CREATE TABLE, CREATE SERVER,
342 IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA