4 PostgreSQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS). That
5 means it is a system for managing data stored in relations. Relation is
6 essentially a mathematical term for table. The notion of storing data
7 in tables is so commonplace today that it might seem inherently
8 obvious, but there are a number of other ways of organizing databases.
9 Files and directories on Unix-like operating systems form an example of
10 a hierarchical database. A more modern development is the
11 object-oriented database.
13 Each table is a named collection of rows. Each row of a given table has
14 the same set of named columns, and each column is of a specific data
15 type. Whereas columns have a fixed order in each row, it is important
16 to remember that SQL does not guarantee the order of the rows within
17 the table in any way (although they can be explicitly sorted for
20 Tables are grouped into databases, and a collection of databases
21 managed by a single PostgreSQL server instance constitutes a database