4 Values to be inserted into a table are converted to the destination
5 column's data type according to the following steps.
7 Value Storage Type Conversion
8 1. Check for an exact match with the target.
9 2. Otherwise, try to convert the expression to the target type. This
10 is possible if an assignment cast between the two types is
11 registered in the pg_cast catalog (see CREATE CAST). Alternatively,
12 if the expression is an unknown-type literal, the contents of the
13 literal string will be fed to the input conversion routine for the
15 3. Check to see if there is a sizing cast for the target type. A
16 sizing cast is a cast from that type to itself. If one is found in
17 the pg_cast catalog, apply it to the expression before storing into
18 the destination column. The implementation function for such a cast
19 always takes an extra parameter of type integer, which receives the
20 destination column's atttypmod value (typically its declared
21 length, although the interpretation of atttypmod varies for
22 different data types), and it may take a third boolean parameter
23 that says whether the cast is explicit or implicit. The cast
24 function is responsible for applying any length-dependent semantics
25 such as size checking or truncation.
27 Example 10.9. character Storage Type Conversion
29 For a target column declared as character(20) the following statement
30 shows that the stored value is sized correctly:
31 CREATE TABLE vv (v character(20));
32 INSERT INTO vv SELECT 'abc' || 'def';
33 SELECT v, octet_length(v) FROM vv;
36 ----------------------+--------------
40 What has really happened here is that the two unknown literals are
41 resolved to text by default, allowing the || operator to be resolved as
42 text concatenation. Then the text result of the operator is converted
43 to bpchar (“blank-padded char”, the internal name of the character data
44 type) to match the target column type. (Since the conversion from text
45 to bpchar is binary-coercible, this conversion does not insert any real
46 function call.) Finally, the sizing function bpchar(bpchar, integer,
47 boolean) is found in the system catalog and applied to the operator's
48 result and the stored column length. This type-specific function
49 performs the required length check and addition of padding spaces.