4 When a table is created, it contains no data. The first thing to do
5 before a database can be of much use is to insert data. Data is
6 inserted one row at a time. You can also insert more than one row in a
7 single command, but it is not possible to insert something that is not
8 a complete row. Even if you know only some column values, a complete
11 To create a new row, use the INSERT command. The command requires the
12 table name and column values. For example, consider the products table
14 CREATE TABLE products (
20 An example command to insert a row would be:
21 INSERT INTO products VALUES (1, 'Cheese', 9.99);
23 The data values are listed in the order in which the columns appear in
24 the table, separated by commas. Usually, the data values will be
25 literals (constants), but scalar expressions are also allowed.
27 The above syntax has the drawback that you need to know the order of
28 the columns in the table. To avoid this you can also list the columns
29 explicitly. For example, both of the following commands have the same
30 effect as the one above:
31 INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price) VALUES (1, 'Cheese', 9.99);
32 INSERT INTO products (name, price, product_no) VALUES ('Cheese', 9.99, 1);
34 Many users consider it good practice to always list the column names.
36 If you don't have values for all the columns, you can omit some of
37 them. In that case, the columns will be filled with their default
39 INSERT INTO products (product_no, name) VALUES (1, 'Cheese');
40 INSERT INTO products VALUES (1, 'Cheese');
42 The second form is a PostgreSQL extension. It fills the columns from
43 the left with as many values as are given, and the rest will be
46 For clarity, you can also request default values explicitly, for
47 individual columns or for the entire row:
48 INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price) VALUES (1, 'Cheese', DEFAULT);
49 INSERT INTO products DEFAULT VALUES;
51 You can insert multiple rows in a single command:
52 INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price) VALUES
57 It is also possible to insert the result of a query (which might be no
58 rows, one row, or many rows):
59 INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price)
60 SELECT product_no, name, price FROM new_products
61 WHERE release_date = 'today';
63 This provides the full power of the SQL query mechanism (Chapter 7) for
64 computing the rows to be inserted.
68 When inserting a lot of data at the same time, consider using the COPY
69 command. It is not as flexible as the INSERT command, but is more
70 efficient. Refer to Section 14.4 for more information on improving bulk