2 68.1. System Catalog Declaration Rules #
4 The key part of a catalog header file is a C structure definition
5 describing the layout of each row of the catalog. This begins with a
6 CATALOG macro, which so far as the C compiler is concerned is just
7 shorthand for typedef struct FormData_catalogname. Each field in the
8 struct gives rise to a catalog column. Fields can be annotated using
9 the BKI property macros described in genbki.h, for example to define a
10 default value for a field or mark it as nullable or not nullable. The
11 CATALOG line can also be annotated, with some other BKI property macros
12 described in genbki.h, to define other properties of the catalog as a
13 whole, such as whether it is a shared relation.
15 The system catalog cache code (and most catalog-munging code in
16 general) assumes that the fixed-length portions of all system catalog
17 tuples are in fact present, because it maps this C struct declaration
18 onto them. Thus, all variable-length fields and nullable fields must be
19 placed at the end, and they cannot be accessed as struct fields. For
20 example, if you tried to set pg_type.typrelid to be NULL, it would fail
21 when some piece of code tried to reference typetup->typrelid (or worse,
22 typetup->typelem, because that follows typrelid). This would result in
23 random errors or even segmentation violations.
25 As a partial guard against this type of error, variable-length or
26 nullable fields should not be made directly visible to the C compiler.
27 This is accomplished by wrapping them in #ifdef CATALOG_VARLEN ...
28 #endif (where CATALOG_VARLEN is a symbol that is never defined). This
29 prevents C code from carelessly trying to access fields that might not
30 be there or might be at some other offset. As an independent guard
31 against creating incorrect rows, we require all columns that should be
32 non-nullable to be marked so in pg_attribute. The bootstrap code will
33 automatically mark catalog columns as NOT NULL if they are fixed-width
34 and are not preceded by any nullable or variable-width column. Where
35 this rule is inadequate, you can force correct marking by using
36 BKI_FORCE_NOT_NULL and BKI_FORCE_NULL annotations as needed.
38 Frontend code should not include any pg_xxx.h catalog header file, as
39 these files may contain C code that won't compile outside the backend.
40 (Typically, that happens because these files also contain declarations
41 for functions in src/backend/catalog/ files.) Instead, frontend code
42 may include the corresponding generated pg_xxx_d.h header, which will
43 contain OID #defines and any other data that might be of use on the
44 client side. If you want macros or other code in a catalog header to be
45 visible to frontend code, write #ifdef EXPOSE_TO_CLIENT_CODE ... #endif
46 around that section to instruct genbki.pl to copy that section to the
49 A few of the catalogs are so fundamental that they can't even be
50 created by the BKI create command that's used for most catalogs,
51 because that command needs to write information into these catalogs to
52 describe the new catalog. These are called bootstrap catalogs, and
53 defining one takes a lot of extra work: you have to manually prepare
54 appropriate entries for them in the pre-loaded contents of pg_class and
55 pg_type, and those entries will need to be updated for subsequent
56 changes to the catalog's structure. (Bootstrap catalogs also need
57 pre-loaded entries in pg_attribute, but fortunately genbki.pl handles
58 that chore nowadays.) Avoid making new catalogs be bootstrap catalogs