2 * FreeRTOS Kernel V10.6.2
3 * Copyright (C) 2021 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
5 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
7 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
8 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
9 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
10 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
11 * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
12 * subject to the following conditions:
14 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
15 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
17 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
18 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
19 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
20 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
21 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
22 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
24 * https://www.FreeRTOS.org
25 * https://github.com/FreeRTOS
30 * The FreeRTOS kernel's RISC-V port is split between the the code that is
31 * common across all currently supported RISC-V chips (implementations of the
32 * RISC-V ISA), and code which tailors the port to a specific RISC-V chip:
34 * + The code that is common to all RISC-V chips is implemented in
35 * FreeRTOS\Source\portable\GCC\RISC-V-RV32\portASM.S. There is only one
36 * portASM.S file because the same file is used no matter which RISC-V chip is
39 * + The code that tailors the kernel's RISC-V port to a specific RISC-V
40 * chip is implemented in freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h. There
41 * is one freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h that can be used with any
42 * RISC-V chip that both includes a standard CLINT and does not add to the
43 * base set of RISC-V registers. There are additional
44 * freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h files for RISC-V implementations
45 * that do not include a standard CLINT or do add to the base set of RISC-V
48 * CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO INCLDUE THE CORRECT
49 * freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h HEADER FILE FOR THE CHIP
50 * IN USE. To include the correct freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h
51 * header file ensure the path to the correct header file is in the assembler's
54 * This freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h is for use on RISC-V chips
55 * that include a standard CLINT and do not add to the base set of RISC-V
60 #include "portContext.h"
62 /* Check the freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h and/or command line
64 #if defined( portasmHAS_CLINT ) && defined( portasmHAS_MTIME )
65 #error The portasmHAS_CLINT constant has been deprecated. Please replace it with portasmHAS_MTIME. portasmHAS_CLINT and portasmHAS_MTIME cannot both be defined at once. See https://www.FreeRTOS.org/Using-FreeRTOS-on-RISC-V.html
68 #ifdef portasmHAS_CLINT
69 #warning The portasmHAS_CLINT constant has been deprecated. Please replace it with portasmHAS_MTIME and portasmHAS_SIFIVE_CLINT. For now portasmHAS_MTIME and portasmHAS_SIFIVE_CLINT are derived from portasmHAS_CLINT. See https://www.FreeRTOS.org/Using-FreeRTOS-on-RISC-V.html
70 #define portasmHAS_MTIME portasmHAS_CLINT
71 #define portasmHAS_SIFIVE_CLINT portasmHAS_CLINT
74 #ifndef portasmHAS_MTIME
75 #error freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h must define portasmHAS_MTIME to either 1 (MTIME clock present) or 0 (MTIME clock not present). See https://www.FreeRTOS.org/Using-FreeRTOS-on-RISC-V.html
78 #ifndef portasmHAS_SIFIVE_CLINT
79 #define portasmHAS_SIFIVE_CLINT 0
82 /* CSR definitions. */
83 #define CSR_MSTATUS 0x300
84 #define CSR_MTVEC 0x305
85 #define CSR_MEPC 0x341
86 #define CSR_MCAUSE 0x342
88 PUBLIC xPortStartFirstTask
89 PUBLIC pxPortInitialiseStack
90 PUBLIC freertos_risc_v_trap_handler
91 PUBLIC freertos_risc_v_exception_handler
92 PUBLIC freertos_risc_v_interrupt_handler
93 PUBLIC freertos_risc_v_mtimer_interrupt_handler
95 EXTERN vTaskSwitchContext
96 EXTERN xTaskIncrementTick
97 EXTERN pullMachineTimerCompareRegister
99 EXTERN uxTimerIncrementsForOneTick /* size_t type so 32-bit on 32-bit core and 64-bits on 64-bit core. */
100 EXTERN xTaskReturnAddress
102 PUBWEAK freertos_risc_v_application_exception_handler
103 PUBWEAK freertos_risc_v_application_interrupt_handler
104 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
106 SECTION `.text`:CODE:NOROOT(2)
109 portUPDATE_MTIMER_COMPARE_REGISTER MACRO
110 load_x a0, pullMachineTimerCompareRegister /* Load address of compare register into a0. */
111 load_x a1, pullNextTime /* Load the address of ullNextTime into a1. */
113 #if( __riscv_xlen == 32 )
115 /* Update the 64-bit mtimer compare match value in two 32-bit writes. */
117 lw a2, 0(a1) /* Load the low word of ullNextTime into a2. */
118 lw a3, 4(a1) /* Load the high word of ullNextTime into a3. */
119 sw a4, 0(a0) /* Low word no smaller than old value to start with - will be overwritten below. */
120 sw a3, 4(a0) /* Store high word of ullNextTime into compare register. No smaller than new value. */
121 sw a2, 0(a0) /* Store low word of ullNextTime into compare register. */
122 lw t0, uxTimerIncrementsForOneTick /* Load the value of ullTimerIncrementForOneTick into t0 (could this be optimized by storing in an array next to pullNextTime?). */
123 add a4, t0, a2 /* Add the low word of ullNextTime to the timer increments for one tick (assumes timer increment for one tick fits in 32-bits). */
124 sltu t1, a4, a2 /* See if the sum of low words overflowed (what about the zero case?). */
125 add t2, a3, t1 /* Add overflow to high word of ullNextTime. */
126 sw a4, 0(a1) /* Store new low word of ullNextTime. */
127 sw t2, 4(a1) /* Store new high word of ullNextTime. */
129 #endif /* __riscv_xlen == 32 */
131 #if( __riscv_xlen == 64 )
133 /* Update the 64-bit mtimer compare match value. */
134 ld t2, 0(a1) /* Load ullNextTime into t2. */
135 sd t2, 0(a0) /* Store ullNextTime into compare register. */
136 ld t0, uxTimerIncrementsForOneTick /* Load the value of ullTimerIncrementForOneTick into t0 (could this be optimized by storing in an array next to pullNextTime?). */
137 add t4, t0, t2 /* Add ullNextTime to the timer increments for one tick. */
138 sd t4, 0(a1) /* Store ullNextTime. */
140 #endif /* __riscv_xlen == 64 */
142 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
145 * Unlike other ports pxPortInitialiseStack() is written in assembly code as it
146 * needs access to the portasmADDITIONAL_CONTEXT_SIZE constant. The prototype
147 * for the function is as per the other ports:
148 * StackType_t *pxPortInitialiseStack( StackType_t *pxTopOfStack, TaskFunction_t pxCode, void *pvParameters );
150 * As per the standard RISC-V ABI pxTopcOfStack is passed in in a0, pxCode in
151 * a1, and pvParameters in a2. The new top of stack is passed out in a0.
153 * RISC-V maps registers to ABI names as follows (X1 to X31 integer registers
154 * for the 'I' profile, X1 to X15 for the 'E' profile, currently I assumed).
156 * Register ABI Name Description Saver
157 * x0 zero Hard-wired zero -
158 * x1 ra Return address Caller
159 * x2 sp Stack pointer Callee
160 * x3 gp Global pointer -
161 * x4 tp Thread pointer -
162 * x5-7 t0-2 Temporaries Caller
163 * x8 s0/fp Saved register/Frame pointer Callee
164 * x9 s1 Saved register Callee
165 * x10-11 a0-1 Function Arguments/return values Caller
166 * x12-17 a2-7 Function arguments Caller
167 * x18-27 s2-11 Saved registers Callee
168 * x28-31 t3-6 Temporaries Caller
170 * The RISC-V context is saved t FreeRTOS tasks in the following stack frame,
171 * where the global and thread pointers are currently assumed to be constant so
203 * portTASK_RETURN_ADDRESS
204 * [chip specific registers go here]
207 pxPortInitialiseStack:
208 csrr t0, CSR_MSTATUS /* Obtain current mstatus value. */
209 andi t0, t0, ~0x8 /* Ensure interrupts are disabled when the stack is restored within an ISR. Required when a task is created after the schedulre has been started, otherwise interrupts would be disabled anyway. */
210 addi t1, x0, 0x188 /* Generate the value 0x1880, which are the MPIE and MPP bits to set in mstatus. */
212 or t0, t0, t1 /* Set MPIE and MPP bits in mstatus value. */
214 addi a0, a0, -portWORD_SIZE
215 store_x t0, 0(a0) /* mstatus onto the stack. */
216 addi a0, a0, -portWORD_SIZE /* Space for critical nesting count. */
217 store_x x0, 0(a0) /* Critical nesting count starts at 0 for every task. */
219 addi a0, a0, -(6 * portWORD_SIZE) /* Space for registers x10-15. */
221 addi a0, a0, -(22 * portWORD_SIZE) /* Space for registers x10-x31. */
223 store_x a2, 0(a0) /* Task parameters (pvParameters parameter) goes into register X10/a0 on the stack. */
224 addi a0, a0, -(6 * portWORD_SIZE) /* Space for registers x5-x9 + taskReturnAddress. */
225 load_x t0, xTaskReturnAddress
226 store_x t0, 0(a0) /* Return address onto the stack. */
227 addi t0, x0, portasmADDITIONAL_CONTEXT_SIZE /* The number of chip specific additional registers. */
228 chip_specific_stack_frame: /* First add any chip specific registers to the stack frame being created. */
229 beq t0, x0, no_more_regs /* No more chip specific registers to save. */
230 addi a0, a0, -portWORD_SIZE /* Make space for chip specific register. */
231 store_x x0, 0(a0) /* Give the chip specific register an initial value of zero. */
232 addi t0, t0, -1 /* Decrement the count of chip specific registers remaining. */
233 j chip_specific_stack_frame /* Until no more chip specific registers. */
235 addi a0, a0, -portWORD_SIZE
236 store_x a1, 0(a0) /* mret value (pxCode parameter) onto the stack. */
238 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
241 load_x sp, pxCurrentTCB /* Load pxCurrentTCB. */
242 load_x sp, 0( sp ) /* Read sp from first TCB member. */
244 load_x x1, 0( sp ) /* Note for starting the scheduler the exception return address is used as the function return address. */
246 portasmRESTORE_ADDITIONAL_REGISTERS /* Defined in freertos_risc_v_chip_specific_extensions.h to restore any registers unique to the RISC-V implementation. */
248 load_x x7, 4 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* t2 */
249 load_x x8, 5 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s0/fp */
250 load_x x9, 6 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s1 */
251 load_x x10, 7 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a0 */
252 load_x x11, 8 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a1 */
253 load_x x12, 9 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a2 */
254 load_x x13, 10 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a3 */
255 load_x x14, 11 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a4 */
256 load_x x15, 12 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a5 */
258 load_x x16, 13 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a6 */
259 load_x x17, 14 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* a7 */
260 load_x x18, 15 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s2 */
261 load_x x19, 16 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s3 */
262 load_x x20, 17 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s4 */
263 load_x x21, 18 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s5 */
264 load_x x22, 19 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s6 */
265 load_x x23, 20 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s7 */
266 load_x x24, 21 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s8 */
267 load_x x25, 22 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s9 */
268 load_x x26, 23 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s10 */
269 load_x x27, 24 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* s11 */
270 load_x x28, 25 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* t3 */
271 load_x x29, 26 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* t4 */
272 load_x x30, 27 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* t5 */
273 load_x x31, 28 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* t6 */
276 load_x x5, portCRITICAL_NESTING_OFFSET * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* Obtain xCriticalNesting value for this task from task's stack. */
277 load_x x6, pxCriticalNesting /* Load the address of xCriticalNesting into x6. */
278 store_x x5, 0( x6 ) /* Restore the critical nesting value for this task. */
280 load_x x5, portMSTATUS_OFFSET * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* Initial mstatus into x5 (t0). */
281 addi x5, x5, 0x08 /* Set MIE bit so the first task starts with interrupts enabled - required as returns with ret not eret. */
282 csrrw x0, CSR_MSTATUS, x5 /* Interrupts enabled from here! */
284 load_x x5, 2 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* Initial x5 (t0) value. */
285 load_x x6, 3 * portWORD_SIZE( sp ) /* Initial x6 (t1) value. */
287 addi sp, sp, portCONTEXT_SIZE
289 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
291 freertos_risc_v_application_exception_handler:
292 csrr t0, CSR_MCAUSE /* For viewing in the debugger only. */
293 csrr t1, CSR_MEPC /* For viewing in the debugger only */
294 csrr t2, CSR_MSTATUS /* For viewing in the debugger only */
296 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
298 freertos_risc_v_application_interrupt_handler:
299 csrr t0, CSR_MCAUSE /* For viewing in the debugger only. */
300 csrr t1, CSR_MEPC /* For viewing in the debugger only */
301 csrr t2, CSR_MSTATUS /* For viewing in the debugger only */
303 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
305 SECTION `.text.freertos_risc_v_exception_handler`:CODE:NOROOT(2)
308 freertos_risc_v_exception_handler:
309 portcontextSAVE_EXCEPTION_CONTEXT
310 /* a0 now contains mcause. */
311 li t0, 11 /* 11 == environment call. */
312 bne a0, t0, other_exception /* Not an M environment call, so some other exception. */
313 call vTaskSwitchContext
314 portcontextRESTORE_CONTEXT
317 call freertos_risc_v_application_exception_handler
318 portcontextRESTORE_CONTEXT
319 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
321 SECTION `.text.freertos_risc_v_interrupt_handler`:CODE:NOROOT(2)
324 freertos_risc_v_interrupt_handler:
325 portcontextSAVE_INTERRUPT_CONTEXT
326 call freertos_risc_v_application_interrupt_handler
327 portcontextRESTORE_CONTEXT
328 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
330 SECTION `.text.freertos_risc_v_mtimer_interrupt_handler`:CODE:NOROOT(2)
333 freertos_risc_v_mtimer_interrupt_handler:
334 portcontextSAVE_INTERRUPT_CONTEXT
335 portUPDATE_MTIMER_COMPARE_REGISTER
336 call xTaskIncrementTick
337 beqz a0, exit_without_context_switch /* Don't switch context if incrementing tick didn't unblock a task. */
338 call vTaskSwitchContext
339 exit_without_context_switch:
340 portcontextRESTORE_CONTEXT
341 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
343 SECTION `.text.freertos_risc_v_trap_handler`:CODE:NOROOT(8)
346 freertos_risc_v_trap_handler:
347 portcontextSAVE_CONTEXT_INTERNAL
352 bge a0, x0, synchronous_exception
354 asynchronous_interrupt:
355 store_x a1, 0( sp ) /* Asynchronous interrupt so save unmodified exception return address. */
356 load_x sp, xISRStackTop /* Switch to ISR stack. */
359 synchronous_exception:
360 addi a1, a1, 4 /* Synchronous so update exception return address to the instruction after the instruction that generated the exeption. */
361 store_x a1, 0( sp ) /* Save updated exception return address. */
362 load_x sp, xISRStackTop /* Switch to ISR stack. */
366 #if( portasmHAS_MTIME != 0 )
368 test_if_mtimer: /* If there is a CLINT then the mtimer is used to generate the tick interrupt. */
370 slli t0, t0, __riscv_xlen - 1 /* LSB is already set, shift into MSB. Shift 31 on 32-bit or 63 on 64-bit cores. */
371 addi t1, t0, 7 /* 0x8000[]0007 == machine timer interrupt. */
372 bne a0, t1, application_interrupt_handler
374 portUPDATE_MTIMER_COMPARE_REGISTER
375 call xTaskIncrementTick
376 beqz a0, processed_source /* Don't switch context if incrementing tick didn't unblock a task. */
377 call vTaskSwitchContext
380 #endif /* portasmHAS_MTIME */
382 application_interrupt_handler:
383 call freertos_risc_v_application_interrupt_handler
387 /* a0 contains mcause. */
388 li t0, 11 /* 11 == environment call. */
389 bne a0, t0, application_exception_handler /* Not an M environment call, so some other exception. */
390 call vTaskSwitchContext
393 application_exception_handler:
394 call freertos_risc_v_application_exception_handler
395 j processed_source /* No other exceptions handled yet. */
398 portcontextRESTORE_CONTEXT
399 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/