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2 // ==== Semaphore Management ====
4 \addtogroup CMSIS_RTOS_SemaphoreMgmt Semaphores
6 \brief Access shared resources simultaneously from different threads.
8 Semaphores are used to manage and protect access to shared resources. Semaphores are very similar to
9 \ref CMSIS_RTOS_MutexMgmt "Mutexes". Whereas a Mutex permits just one thread to access a shared resource at a
10 time, a semaphore can be used to permit a fixed number of threads/ISRs to access a pool of shared resources. Using
11 semaphores, access to a group of identical peripherals can be managed (for example multiple DMA channels).
13 \image html "Semaphore.png" "CMSIS-RTOS Semaphore"
15 A semaphore object should be initialized to the maximum number of available tokens. This number of available resources is
16 specified as parameter of the \ref osSemaphoreNew function. Each time a semaphore token is obtained with
17 \ref osSemaphoreAcquire, the semaphore count is decremented. When the semaphore count is 0, no semaphore token can be
18 obtained. The thread/ISR that tries to obtain the semaphore token needs to wait until the next token is free. Semaphores are
19 released with \ref osSemaphoreRelease incrementing the semaphore count.
21 \note The functions \ref osSemaphoreAcquire, \ref osSemaphoreGetCount, and \ref osSemaphoreRelease can be called from
22 \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
24 \note Refer to \ref semaphoreConfig for RTX5 configuration options.
28 Due to their flexibility, semaphores cover a wide range of synchronizing applications. At the same time, they are perhaps the
29 most challenging RTOS object to understand. The following explains a use case for semaphores, taken from the book
30 <a href="http://www.greenteapress.com/semaphores/" target="_blank">The Little Book Of Semaphores</a> by Allen B. Downey which
31 is available for free download.
33 <b>Non-binary Semaphore (Multiplex)</b>
35 A multiplex limits the number of threads that can access a critical section of code. For example, this could be a function
36 accessing DMA resources which can only support a limited number of calls.
38 To allow multiple threads to run the function, initialize a semaphore to the maximum number of threads that can be allowed.
39 The number of tokens in the semaphore represents the number of additional threads that may enter. If this number is zero,
40 then the next thread trying to access the function will have to wait until one of the other threads exits and releases its
41 token. When all threads have exited the token number is back to n. The following example shows the code for one of the
42 threads that might access the resource:
45 osSemaphoreId_t multiplex_id;
49 multiplex_id = osSemaphoreNew(3, 3, NULL);
52 osSemaphoreAcquire(multiplex_id, osWaitForever);
54 osSemaphoreRelease(multiplex_id);
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63 \typedef osSemaphoreId_t
68 \struct osSemaphoreAttr_t
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74 \fn osSemaphoreId_t osSemaphoreNew (uint32_t max_count, uint32_t initial_count, const osSemaphoreAttr_t *attr)
76 The function \b osSemaphoreNew creates and initializes a semaphore object that is used to manage access to shared resources
77 and returns the pointer to the semaphore object identifier or \token{NULL} in case of an error. It can be safely called
78 before the RTOS is started (call to \ref osKernelStart), but not before it is initialized (call to \ref osKernelInitialize).
80 The parameter \em max_count specifies the maximum number of available tokens. A \em max_count value of 1 creates a binary
83 The parameter \em initial_count sets the initial number of available tokens.
85 The parameter \em attr specifies additional semaphore attributes. Default attributes will be used if set to \token{NULL}.
87 \note This function \b cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
91 #include "cmsis_os2.h" // CMSIS RTOS header file
93 void Thread_Semaphore (void *argument); // thread function
94 osThreadId_t tid_Thread_Semaphore; // thread id
96 osSemaphoreId_t sid_Thread_Semaphore; // semaphore id
98 int Init_Semaphore (void)
101 sid_Thread_Semaphore = osSemaphoreNew(2, 2, NULL);
102 if (!sid_Thread_Semaphore) {
103 ; // Semaphore object not created, handle failure
106 tid_Thread_Semaphore = osThreadNew (Thread_Semaphore, NULL, NULL);
107 if (!tid_Thread_Semaphore) {
114 void Thread_Semaphore (void *argument)
119 ; // Insert thread code here...
121 val = osSemaphoreAcquire (sid_Thread_Semaphore, 10); // wait 10 mSec
124 ; // Use protected code here...
125 osSemaphoreRelease (sid_Thread_Semaphore); // Return a token back to a semaphore
127 case osErrorResource:
129 case osErrorParameter:
135 osThreadYield (); // suspend thread
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143 \fn const char *osSemaphoreGetName (osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id)
145 The function \b osSemaphoreGetName returns the pointer to the name string of the semaphore identified by parameter \a
146 semaphore_id or \token{NULL} in case of an error.
148 \note This function \b cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
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153 \fn osStatus_t osSemaphoreAcquire (osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id, uint32_t timeout)
155 The blocking function \b osSemaphoreAcquire waits until a token of the semaphore object specified by parameter
156 \a semaphore_id becomes available. If a token is available, the function instantly returns and decrements the token count.
158 The parameter \a timeout specifies how long the system waits to acquire the token. While the system waits, the thread/ISR
159 that is calling this function is put into the \b BLOCKED state. The parameter \ref CMSIS_RTOS_TimeOutValue "timeout" can have
160 the following values:
161 - when \a timeout is \token{0}, the function returns instantly.
162 - when \a timeout is set to \b osWaitForever the function will wait for an infinite time until the semaphore becomes
164 - all other values specify a time in kernel ticks for a timeout.
166 Possible \ref osStatus_t return values:
167 - \em osOK: the token has been obtained.
168 - \em osErrorTimeout: the token could not be obtained in the given time.
169 - \em osErrorResource: the token could not be obtained when no \a timeout was specified.
170 - \em osErrorParameter: the parameter \a semaphore_id is incorrect.
172 \note May be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines" if the parameter \a timeout is set to
177 Refer to \ref osSemaphoreNew.
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182 \fn osStatus_t osSemaphoreRelease (osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id)
184 The function \b osSemaphoreRelease releases a token of the semaphore object specified by parameter \a semaphore_id. Other
185 threads/ISRs that currently wait for a token of this semaphore object will be put into the \b READY state.
187 Possible \ref osStatus_t return values:
188 - \em osOK: the token has been correctly released and the count increased.
189 - \em osErrorResource: the maximum token count has been reached.
190 - \em osErrorParameter: the parameter \a semaphore_id is incorrect.
192 \note This function may be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
196 Refer to \ref osSemaphoreNew.
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201 \fn uint32_t osSemaphoreGetCount (osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id)
203 The function \b osSemaphoreGetCount returns the count of available semaphores of the semaphore object specified by parameter
204 \a semaphore_id. In case of an error, it returns \token{0}.
206 \note This function may be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
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211 \fn osStatus_t osSemaphoreDelete (osSemaphoreId_t semaphore_id)
213 The function \b osSemaphoreDelete deletes a semaphore object specified by parameter \a semaphore_id. It releases internal
214 memory obtained for semaphore handling. After this call, the \a semaphore_id is no longer valid and cannot be used. The
215 semaphore may be created again using the function \ref osSemaphoreNew.
217 Possible \ref osStatus_t return values:
218 - \em osOK: the semaphore object has been deleted.
219 - \em osErrorParameter: the parameter \a semaphore_id is \token{NULL} or invalid.
220 - \em osErrorResource: the semaphore specified by parameter \em semaphore_id is in an invalid semaphore state.
221 - \em osErrorISR: \b osSemaphoreDelete cannot be called from interrupt service routines.
223 \note This function \b cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".