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2 // ==== Thread Management ====
4 \addtogroup CMSIS_RTOS_ThreadMgmt Thread Management
5 \ingroup CMSIS_RTOS CMSIS_RTOSv2
6 \brief Define, create, and control thread functions.
8 The Thread Management function group allows defining, creating, and controlling thread functions in the system. The function
9 \b main is a special thread function that is started at system initialization and has the initial priority
14 Threads can be in the following states:
16 - \b RUNNING: The thread that is currently running is in the \b RUNNING state. Only one thread at a time can be in this state.
18 - \b READY: Threads which are ready to run are in the \b READY state. Once the \b RUNNING thread has terminated, or is \b BLOCKED, the next \b READY thread with the highest priority becomes the \b RUNNING thread.
20 - \b BLOCKED: Threads that are blocked either delayed, waiting for an event to occur or suspended are in the \b BLOCKED state.
22 - \b TERMINATED: When \ref osThreadTerminate is called, and threads that joined are in \b TERMINATED state. When all joined threads have terminated, resources are released an the threads are in state \b INACTIVE.
24 - \b INACTIVE: Threads that are not created or have been terminated with all resources released are in the \b INACTIVE state.
26 \image html "ThreadStatus.png" "Thread State and State Transitions"
29 A CMSIS-RTOS assumes that threads are scheduled as shown in the figure <b>Thread State and State Transitions</b>. The thread
30 states change as follows:
31 - A thread is created using the function \ref osThreadNew. This puts the thread into the \b READY or \b RUNNING state
32 (depending on the thread priority).
33 - CMSIS-RTOS is pre-emptive. The active thread with the highest priority becomes the \b RUNNING thread provided it does not
34 wait for any event. The initial priority of a thread is defined with the \ref osThreadAttr_t but may be changed during
35 execution using the function \ref osThreadSetPriority.
36 - The \b RUNNING thread transfers into the \b BLOCKED state when it is delayed, waiting for an event or suspended.
37 - Active threads can be terminated any time using the function \ref osThreadTerminate. Threads can terminate also by just
38 returning from the thread function. Threads that are terminated are in the \b INACTIVE state and typically do not consume
39 any dynamic memory resources.
41 \todo MH: examples with control block memory and size supplied.
43 By using sizeof on the object control block.
45 For example RTX5 has the following internal defines (starting with os_ which is not RTOS prefix but rather RTX implementation prefix):
46 /// Control Block sizes
47 \#define os_ThreadCbSize sizeof(os_thread_t)
48 \#define os_TimerCbSize sizeof(os_timer_t)
49 \#define os_EventFlagsCbSize sizeof(os_event_flags_t)
50 \#define os_MutexCbSize sizeof(os_mutex_t)
51 \#define os_SemaphoreCbSize sizeof(os_semaphore_t)
52 \#define os_MemoryPoolCbSize sizeof(os_memory_pool_t)
53 \#define os_MessageQueueCbSize sizeof(os_message_queue_t)
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69 The \b osPriority_t value specifies the priority for a thread. The default thread priority should be \a osPriorityNormal.
70 If a Thread is active that has a higher priority than the currently executing thread, then a thread switch occurs immediately
71 to execute the new task.
73 To prevent from a priority inversion, a CMSIS-RTOS compliant OS may optionally implement a <b>priority inheritance</b> method.
74 A priority inversion occurs when a high priority thread is waiting for a resource or event that is controlled by a thread
75 with a lower priority.
78 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
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83 \typedef void *(*os_thread_func_t) (void *argument)
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95 \struct osThreadAttr_t
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100 \def osThreadJoinable
105 \def osThreadDetached
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111 \fn osThreadId_t osThreadNew (os_thread_func_t func, void *argument, const osThreadAttr_t *attr)
114 Start a thread function by adding it to the Active Threads list and set it to state \b READY. Arguments for the thread function are passed
115 using the parameter pointer \em *argument. When the priority of the created thread function is higher than the current \b RUNNING thread,
116 the created thread function starts instantly and becomes the new \b RUNNING thread. Thread attributes are defined with the parameter pointer \em attr.
117 Attributes include settings for thread priority, stack size, or memory allocation.
120 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
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126 \fn const char *osThreadGetName (osThreadId_t thread_id)
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133 \fn osThreadId_t osThreadGetId (void)
136 Get the thread ID of the current running thread.
139 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
143 void ThreadGetId_example (void) {
144 osThreadId id; // id for the currently running thread
146 id = osThreadGetId ();
148 // Failed to get the id; not in a thread
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155 \fn osThreadState_t osThreadGetState (osThreadId_t thread_id)
158 Return the state of the thread identified by parameter \em thread_id.
159 See \ref osThreadState_t for possible states.
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164 \fn osStatus_t osThreadSetPriority (osThreadId_t thread_id, osPriority_t priority)
167 Change the priority of an active thread.
169 \ref osStatus_t return values:
170 - \em osOK: the priority of the specified thread has been changed successfully.
171 - \em osErrorParameter: the value of the parameter \em thread_id or parameter \em priority is incorrect.
172 - \em osErrorResource: parameter \em thread_id refers to a thread that is not an active thread.
173 - \em osErrorISR: the function \b osThreadSetPriority cannot be called from interrupt service routines.
176 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
180 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
182 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
183 osThreadId_t id; // id for the currently running thread
184 osStatus status; // status of the executed function
187 id = osThreadGetId (); // Obtain ID of current running thread
190 status = osThreadSetPriority (id, osPriorityBelowNormal);
191 if (status == osOK) {
192 // Thread priority changed to BelowNormal
195 // Failed to set the priority
199 // Failed to get the id
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207 \fn osPriority_t osThreadGetPriority (osThreadId_t thread_id)
210 Get the priority of an active thread. In case of failure, the value \b osPriorityError is returned.
213 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
217 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
219 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
220 osThreadId_t id; // id for the currently running thread
221 osPriority_t priority; // thread priority
223 id = osThreadGetId (); // Obtain ID of current running thread
226 priority = osThreadGetPriority (id);
229 // Failed to get the id
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236 \fn osStatus_t osThreadYield (void)
239 Pass control to the next thread that is in state \b READY. If there is no other thread in state \b READY,
240 then the current thread continues execution and no thread switching occurs.
243 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
247 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
249 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
250 osStatus_t status; // status of the executed function
253 status = osThreadYield(); //
254 if (status != osOK) {
255 // thread switch not occurred, not in a thread function
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263 \fn osStatus_t osThreadSuspend (osThreadId_t thread_id)
265 Suspends execution of the thread identified by parameter \em thread_id. Thread is put into the state \em Blocked (\ref osThreadBlocked).
266 The thread is not executed until restarted with the function \ref osThreadResume.
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271 \fn osStatus_t osThreadResume (osThreadId_t thread_id)
273 Forces a thread in BLOCKED state, specified with \em thread_id, to resume operation.
274 Functions that will put a thread into BLOCKED state are:
275 \ref osEventFlagsWait and \ref osThreadFlagsWait,
276 \ref osDelay and \ref osDelayUntil,
277 \ref osMutexAcquire and \ref osSemaphoreAcquire,
278 \ref osMessageQueueGet,
280 \ref osThreadSuspend.
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285 \fn osStatus_t osThreadDetach (osThreadId_t thread_id)
287 Changes the attribute of a thread specified in \em thread_id to \ref osThreadDetached. Detached threads are not joinable with \ref osThreadJoin.
288 When a detached thread is terminated all resources are returned to the system. The behaviour of \ref osThreadDetach on an already detached thread is undefined.
293 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
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297 \fn osStatus_t osThreadJoin (osThreadId_t thread_id)
299 Waits for the thread specified by \em thread_id to terminate.
300 If that thread has already terminated, then \ref osThreadJoin returns immediately.
301 The thread referred to by thread_id must joinable. By default threads are created with the attribute \ref osThreadJoinable. The thread may not have been detached by \ref osThreadDetach.
304 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
308 \todo this example may not compile.... void *worker ???
310 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
312 void *worker(void *arg)
319 int join_threads(void)
321 osThreadId_t th1, th2;
323 th1 = osThreadNew(worker, ¶m, NULL);
324 th2 = osThreadNew(worker, ¶m, NULL);
326 (void) osThreadJoin(th1, NULL);
327 (void) osThreadJoin(th2, NULL);
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335 \fn __NO_RETURN void osThreadExit (void)
338 Exit the \b RUNNING thread an exit point defined by parameter pointer \em exit_ptr.
341 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
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345 \fn osStatus_t osThreadTerminate (osThreadId_t thread_id)
347 Remove the thread function from the active thread list. If the thread is currently /b RUNNING the execution stops and the thread
351 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
354 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
356 void *Thread_1 (void c*arg); // function prototype for Thread_1
358 void ThreadTerminate_example (void) {
362 id = osThreadNew (Thread_1, NULL, NULL); // create the thread
364 status = osThreadTerminate (id); // stop the thread
365 if (status == osOK) {
366 // Thread was terminated successfully
369 // Failed to terminate a thread
377 // these struct members must stay outside the group to avoid double entries in documentation
379 \var osThreadAttr_t::attr_bits
381 The following predefined bit masks can be assigned to set options for a thread object.
383 Bit Mask | Description
384 :-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------
385 osThreadJoinable | Thread is created in a join-able state (default).
386 osThreadDettached | Thread is created in a detached state.
388 \var osThreadAttr_t::cb_mem
390 Pointer to a memory location for the thread object. This can optionally be used for custom memory management systems.
391 Specify \token{NULL} to use the kernel memory management.
393 \var osThreadAttr_t::cb_size
395 The size of the memory block passed with \ref cb_mem. Must be the size of a thread control block object or larger.
397 \var osThreadAttr_t::name
399 String with a human readable name of the thread object.
401 \var osThreadAttr_t::priority
403 Specifies the initial thread priority with a value from #osPriority_t.
405 \var osThreadAttr_t::reserved
407 Reserved for future use. Must be \token{0}.
409 \var osThreadAttr_t::stack_mem
411 Pointer to a memory location for the thread stack. This can optionally be used for custom memory management systems.
412 Specify \token{NULL} to use the kernel memory management.
414 \var osThreadAttr_t::stack_size
416 The size of the stack specified by \ref stack_mem in Bytes.