2 \page using_pg Using CMSIS in Embedded Applications
7 To use the CMSIS-Core (Cortex-M) the following files are added to the embedded application:
8 - \ref startup_s_pg with reset handler and exception vectors.
9 - \ref system_c_pg with general device configuration (i.e. for clock and BUS setup).
10 - \ref device_h_pg gives access to processor core and all peripherals.
12 \note The files \ref startup_s_pg and \ref system_c_pg may require application specific adaptations and therefore should be copied
13 into the application project folder prior configuration. The \ref device_h_pg is included in all source files that need device access
14 and can be stored on a central include folder that is generic for all projects.
16 The \ref startup_s_pg is executed after reset and calls \ref SystemInit. After the system initialization control is transferred to the C/C++ run-time
17 library which performs initialization and calls the \b main function in the user code. In addition the \ref startup_s_pg contains all exception and
18 interrupt vectors and implements a default function for every interrupt. It may also contain stack and heap configurations for the user application.
20 The \ref system_c_pg performs the setup for the processor clock. The variable \ref SystemCoreClock indicates the CPU clock speed.
21 \ref system_init_gr describes the minimum feature set. In addition the file may contain functions for the memory BUS setup and clock re-configuration.
23 The \ref device_h_pg is the central include file that the application programmer is using in the C source code. It provides the following features:
24 - \ref peripheral_gr provides a standardized register layout for all peripherals. Optionally functions for device-specific peripherals may be available.
25 - \ref NVIC_gr can be accessed with standardized symbols and functions for the Nested Interrupt Vector Controller (NVIC) are provided.
26 - \ref intrinsic_CPU_gr allow to access special instructions, for example for activating sleep mode or the NOP instruction.
27 - \ref intrinsic_SIMD_gr provide access to the DSP-oriented instructions.
28 - \ref SysTick_gr function to configure and start a periodic timer interrupt.
29 - \ref ITM_Debug_gr are functions that allow printf-style I/O via the CoreSight Debug Unit and ITM communication.
32 \image html "CMSIS_CORE_Files_user.png" "CMSIS-Core (Cortex-M) User Files"
34 The CMSIS-Core (Cortex-M) are device specific. In addition, the \ref startup_s_pg is also compiler vendor specific.
35 The various compiler vendor tool chains may provide folders that contain the CMSIS files for each supported device.
38 For example, the following files are provided in MDK-ARM to support the STM32F10x Connectivity Line device variants:
40 <table class="cmtable">
46 <td>".\ARM\Startup\ST\STM32F10x\startup_stm32f10x_cl.s"</td>
47 <td>\ref startup_s_pg for the STM32F10x Connectivity Line device variants.</td>
50 <td>".\ARM\Startup\ST\STM32F10x\system_stmf10x.c"</td>
51 <td>\ref system_c_pg for the STM32F10x device families.</td>
54 <td>".\ARM\INC\ST\STM32F10x\stm32f10x.h"</td>
55 <td>\ref device_h_pg for the STM32F10x device families.</td>
58 <td>".\ARM\INC\ST\STM32F10x\system_stm32f10x.h"</td>
59 <td>\ref system_Device_h_sec for the STM32F10x device families.</td>
64 \note The silicon vendors create these device-specific CMSIS-Core (Cortex-M) files based on \ref templates_pg provide by ARM.
66 Thereafter, the functions described under <a href="Modules.html">\b Reference </a> can be used in the application.
69 - \subpage using_CMSIS is a simple example that shows the usage of the CMSIS layer.
70 - \subpage using_VTOR_pg shows how to remap the interrupt vector table.
71 - \subpage using_ARM_pg explains how to use CMSIS-Core (Cortex-M) for ARM processors.
74 \page using_CMSIS Basic CMSIS Example
76 A typical example for using the CMSIS layer is provided below. The example is based on a STM32F10x Device.
79 #include <stm32f10x.h> // File name depends on device used
81 uint32_t volatile msTicks; // Counter for millisecond Interval
83 void SysTick_Handler (void) { // SysTick Interrupt Handler
84 msTicks++; // Increment Counter
87 void WaitForTick (void) {
90 curTicks = msTicks; // Save Current SysTick Value
91 while (msTicks == curTicks) { // Wait for next SysTick Interrupt
92 __WFE (); // Power-Down until next Event/Interrupt
96 void TIM1_UP_IRQHandler (void) { // Timer Interrupt Handler
97 ; // Add user code here
100 void timer1_init(int frequency) { // Set up Timer (device specific)
101 NVIC_SetPriority (TIM1_UP_IRQn, 1); // Set Timer priority
102 NVIC_EnableIRQ (TIM1_UP_IRQn); // Enable Timer Interrupt
106 void Device_Initialization (void) { // Configure & Initialize MCU
107 if (SysTick_Config (SystemCoreClock / 1000)) { // SysTick 1mSec
110 timer1_init (); // setup device-specific timer
114 // The processor clock is initialized by CMSIS startup + system file
115 void main (void) { // user application starts here
116 Device_Initialization (); // Configure & Initialize MCU
117 while (1) { // Endless Loop (the Super-Loop)
118 __disable_irq (); // Disable all interrupts
119 Get_InputValues (); // Read Values
120 __enable_irq (); // Enable all interrupts
121 Calculation_Response (); // Calculate Results
122 Output_Response (); // Output Results
123 WaitForTick (); // Synchronize to SysTick Timer
128 \page using_VTOR_pg Using Interrupt Vector Remap
130 Most Cortex-M processors provide VTOR register for remapping interrupt vectors. The following example shows
131 a typical use case where the interrupt vectors are copied to RAM and the SysTick_Handler is replaced.
134 #include "ARMCM3.h" // Device header
136 /* externals from startup_ARMCM3.s */
137 extern uint32_t __Vectors[]; /* vector table ROM */
139 #define VECTORTABLE_SIZE (256) /* size Cortex-M3 vector table */
140 #define VECTORTABLE_ALIGNMENT (0x100ul) /* 16 Cortex + 32 ARMCM3 = 48 words */
141 /* next power of 2 = 256 */
143 /* new vector table in RAM */
144 uint32_t vectorTable_RAM[VECTORTABLE_SIZE] __attribute__(( aligned (VECTORTABLE_ALIGNMENT) ));
146 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
148 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
149 volatile uint32_t msTicks = 0; /* counts 1ms timeTicks */
150 void SysTick_Handler(void) {
151 msTicks++; /* increment counter */
154 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
155 SysTick_Handler (RAM)
156 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
157 volatile uint32_t msTicks_RAM = 0; /* counts 1ms timeTicks */
158 void SysTick_Handler_RAM(void) {
159 msTicks_RAM++; /* increment counter */
162 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
164 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
168 for (i = 0; i < VECTORTABLE_SIZE; i++) {
169 vectorTable_RAM[i] = __Vectors[i]; /* copy vector table to RAM */
171 /* replace SysTick Handler */
172 vectorTable_RAM[SysTick_IRQn + 16] = (uint32_t)SysTick_Handler_RAM;
174 /* relocate vector table */
176 SCB->VTOR = (uint32_t)&vectorTable_RAM;
180 SystemCoreClockUpdate(); /* Get Core Clock Frequency */
181 SysTick_Config(SystemCoreClock / 1000ul); /* Setup SysTick Timer for 1 msec */
187 \page using_ARM_pg Using CMSIS with generic ARM Processors
189 ARM provides CMSIS-Core (Cortex-M) files for the supported ARM Processors and for various compiler vendors.
190 These files can be used when standard ARM processors should be used in a project.
191 The table below lists the folder and device names of the ARM processors.
193 <table class="cmtable">
200 <td>".\Device\ARM\ARMCM0"</td>
202 <td>Contains \b Include and \b Source template files configured for the Cortex-M0 processor.
203 The device name is ARMCM0 and the name of the \ref device_h_pg is <ARMCM0.h>.
207 <td>".\Device\ARM\ARMCM0plus"</td>
209 <td>Contains \b Include and \b Source template files configured for the Cortex-M0+ processor.
210 The device name is ARMCM0plus and the name of the \ref device_h_pg is <ARMCM0plus.h>.
214 <td>".\Device\ARM\ARMCM3"</td>
216 <td>Contains \b Include and \b Source template files configured for the Cortex-M3 processor.
217 The device name is ARMCM3 and the name of the \ref device_h_pg is <ARMCM3.h>.
221 <td>".\Device\ARM\ARMCM4"</td>
223 <td>Contains \b Include and \b Source template files configured for the Cortex-M4 processor.
224 The device name is ARMCM4 and the name of the \ref device_h_pg is <ARMCM4.h>.
228 <td>".\Device\ARM\ARMCM7"</td>
230 <td>Contains \b Include and \b Source template files configured for the Cortex-M7 processor.
231 The device name is ARMCM7 and the name of the \ref device_h_pg is <ARMCM7.h>.
235 <td>".\Device\ARM\ARMSC000"</td>
236 <td>SecurCore SC000</td>
237 <td>Contains \b Include and \b Source template files configured for the SecurCore SC000 processor.
238 The device name is ARMSC000 and the name of the \ref device_h_pg is <ARMSC000.h>.
242 <td>".\Device\ARM\ARMSC300"</td>
243 <td>SecurCore SC300</td>
244 <td>Contains \b Include and \b Source template files configured for the SecurCore SC300 processor.
245 The device name is ARMSC300 and the name of the \ref device_h_pg is <ARMSC300.h>.
250 \section using_ARM_Lib_sec Create generic Libraries with CMSIS
252 The CMSIS Processor and Core Peripheral files allow also to create generic libraries.
253 The <a href="../../DSP/html/index.html">\b CMSIS-DSP </a> Libraries are an example for such a generic library.
255 To build a generic Library set the define \b __CMSIS_GENERIC and include the relevant <b>core_<cpu>.h</b> CMSIS CPU & Core Access header file for the processor.
256 The define <b>__CMSIS_GENERIC</b> disables device-dependent features such as the <b>SysTick</b> timer and the <b>Interrupt System</b>.
257 Refer to \ref core_config_sect for a list of the available <b>core_<cpu>.h</b> header files.
261 The following code section shows the usage of the <b>core_<cpu>.h</b> header files to build a generic library for Cortex-M0, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4, or Cortex-M7. To
262 select the processor, the source code uses the define \b CORTEX_M7, \b CORTEX_M4, \b CORTEX_M3, \b CORTEX_M0, or \b CORTEX_M0PLUS. By using this header file, the source code can access
263 the functions for \ref Core_Register_gr, \ref intrinsic_CPU_gr, \ref intrinsic_SIMD_gr, and \ref ITM_Debug_gr.
267 #define __CMSIS_GENERIC /* disable NVIC and Systick functions */
269 #if defined (CORTEX_M7)
270 #include "core_cm7.h"
271 #if defined (CORTEX_M4)
272 #include "core_cm4.h"
273 #elif defined (CORTEX_M3)
274 #include "core_cm3.h"
275 #elif defined (CORTEX_M0)
276 #include "core_cm0.h"
277 #elif defined (CORTEX_M0PLUS)
278 #include "core_cm0plus.h"
280 #error "Processor not specified or unsupported."