1 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
2 // ==== Thread Management ====
4 \addtogroup CMSIS_RTOS_ThreadMgmt Thread Management
5 \ingroup CMSIS_RTOS CMSIS_RTOSv2
6 \brief Define, create, and control thread functions.
8 The Thread Management function group allows defining, creating, and controlling thread functions in the system. The function
9 \b main is a special thread function that is started at system initialization and has the initial priority
14 Threads can be in the following states:
16 - \b RUNNING: The thread that is currently running is in the \b RUNNING state. Only one thread at a time can be in this state.
18 - \b READY: Threads which are ready to run are in the \b READY state. Once the \b RUNNING thread has terminated, or is \b BLOCKED, the next \b READY thread with the highest priority becomes the \b RUNNING thread.
20 - \b BLOCKED: Threads that are blocked either delayed, waiting for an event to occur or suspended are in the \b BLOCKED state.
22 - \b TERMINATED: When \ref osThreadTerminate is called, and threads that joined are in \b TERMINATED state. When all joined threads have terminated, resources are released an the threads are in state \b INACTIVE.
24 - \b INACTIVE: Threads that are not created or have been terminated with all resources released are in the \b INACTIVE state.
26 \image html "ThreadStatus.png" "Thread State and State Transitions"
29 A CMSIS-RTOS assumes that threads are scheduled as shown in the figure <b>Thread State and State Transitions</b>. The thread
30 states change as follows:
31 - A thread is created using the function \ref osThreadNew. This puts the thread into the \b READY or \b RUNNING state
32 (depending on the thread priority).
33 - CMSIS-RTOS is pre-emptive. The active thread with the highest priority becomes the \b RUNNING thread provided it does not
34 wait for any event. The initial priority of a thread is defined with the \ref osThreadAttr_t but may be changed during
35 execution using the function \ref osThreadSetPriority.
36 - The \b RUNNING thread transfers into the \b BLOCKED state when it is delayed, waiting for an event or suspended.
37 - Active threads can be terminated any time using the function \ref osThreadTerminate. Threads can terminate also by just
38 returning from the thread function. Threads that are terminated are in the \b INACTIVE state and typically do not consume
39 any dynamic memory resources.
42 Refer to \ref threadConfig for RTX5 configuration options.
46 The following examples show various scenarios to create threads:
48 <b>Example 1 - Create a simple thread</b>
50 Create a thread out of the function thread1 using all default values for thread attributes and memory from the \ref GlobalMemoryPool.
53 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
61 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, NULL); // Create thread with default settings
67 <b>Example 2 - Create thread with stack non-default stack size</b>
69 Similar to the simple thread all attributes are default. The stack is dynamically allocated from the \ref GlobalMemoryPool
71 \ref osThreadAttr_t.stack_size is used to pass the stack size in Bytes to osThreadNew.
74 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
79 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
80 .stack_size = 1024; // Create the thread stack with a size of 1024 bytes
85 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr); // Create thread with custom sized stack memory
90 <b>Example 3 - Create thread with statically allocated stack</b>
92 Similar to the simple thread all attributes are default. The stack is statically allocated using the uint64_t array thread1_stk_1. This allocates 64*8 Bytes (=512 Bytes) with an alignment of 8 Bytes (mandatory for Cortex-M stack memory).
94 \ref osThreadAttr_t.stack_mem holds a pointer to the stacks lowest address.
96 \ref osThreadAttr_t.stack_size is used to pass the stack size in Bytes to osThreadNew.
99 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
104 static uint64_t thread1_stk_1[64];
106 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
107 .stack_mem = &thread1_stk_1[0];
108 .stack_size = sizeof(thread1_stk_1);
113 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr); // Create thread with statically allocated stack memory
118 <b>Example 4 - Thread with statically allocated task control block</b>
120 Typically this method is chosen together with a statically allocated stack as shown in Example 2.
121 os_<i>object</i>Size macros supply the size of OS objects.
122 RTX5 has the following internal definitions to determine the size of OS objects:
124 #define os_ThreadCbSize sizeof(os_thread_t)
125 #define os_TimerCbSize sizeof(os_timer_t)
126 #define os_EventFlagsCbSize sizeof(os_event_flags_t)
127 #define os_MutexCbSize sizeof(os_mutex_t)
128 #define os_SemaphoreCbSize sizeof(os_semaphore_t)
129 #define os_MemoryPoolCbSize sizeof(os_memory_pool_t)
130 #define os_MessageQueueCbSize sizeof(os_message_queue_t)
133 Include "rtx_os.h" to access these macros.
136 #include "rtx_os.h" //required for os_ThreadCbSize macro definition
138 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
143 static os_thread_t thread1_tcb;
145 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
146 .cb_mem = &thread1_tcb;
147 .cb_size = os_ThreadCbSize;
152 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr); // Create thread with custom tcb memory
157 <b>Example 5 - Create thread with a different priority</b>
159 The default priority of RTX is \ref osPriorityNormal. Often you want to run a task with a higher or lower priority. Using the \ref osThreadAttr_t control structure you can set any inital priority required.
162 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
167 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
168 .priority = osPriorityHigh //Set initial thread priority to high
173 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr);
178 <b>Example 6 - Joinable threads</b>
180 In this example a master thread creates four threads with the \ref osThreadJoinable attribute. These will do some work and return using the osThreadExit call after finished. \ref osThreadJoin is used to synchronize the thread termination.
184 __NO_RETURN void worker (void *argument) {
185 ; // work a lot on data[]
190 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
191 osThreadAttr_t worker_attr = {0};
192 osThreadId_t worker_ids[4];
195 worker_attr.attr_bits = osThreadJoinable;
197 worker_ids[0] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[0][0], &worker_attr);
198 worker_ids[1] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[1][0], &worker_attr);
199 worker_ids[2] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[2][0], &worker_attr);
200 worker_ids[3] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[3][0], &worker_attr);
202 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[0]);
203 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[1]);
204 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[2]);
205 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[3]);
213 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
215 \enum osThreadState_t
219 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
224 The \b osPriority_t value specifies the priority for a thread. The default thread priority should be \a osPriorityNormal.
225 If a Thread is active that has a higher priority than the currently executing thread, then a thread switch occurs immediately
226 to execute the new task.
228 To prevent from a priority inversion, a CMSIS-RTOS compliant OS may optionally implement a <b>priority inheritance</b> method.
229 A priority inversion occurs when a high priority thread is waiting for a resource or event that is controlled by a thread
230 with a lower priority.
233 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
236 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
238 \typedef void (*os_thread_func_t) (void *argument)
243 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
245 \typedef osThreadId_t
248 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
250 \struct osThreadAttr_t
253 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
255 \def osThreadJoinable
258 See \ref osThreadJoin.
263 \def osThreadDetached
266 A thread in this state cannot be joined using \ref osThreadJoin.
269 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
271 \fn osThreadId_t osThreadNew (os_thread_func_t func, void *argument, const osThreadAttr_t *attr)
274 Start a thread function by adding it to the Active Threads list and set it to state \b READY. Arguments for the thread function are passed
275 using the parameter pointer \em *argument. When the priority of the created thread function is higher than the current \b RUNNING thread,
276 the created thread function starts instantly and becomes the new \b RUNNING thread. Thread attributes are defined with the parameter pointer \em attr.
277 Attributes include settings for thread priority, stack size, or memory allocation.
280 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
284 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
286 \fn const char *osThreadGetName (osThreadId_t thread_id)
291 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
293 \fn osThreadId_t osThreadGetId (void)
296 Get the thread ID of the current running thread.
299 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
303 void ThreadGetId_example (void) {
304 osThreadId id; // id for the currently running thread
306 id = osThreadGetId ();
308 // Failed to get the id; not in a thread
313 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
315 \fn osThreadState_t osThreadGetState (osThreadId_t thread_id)
318 Return the state of the thread identified by parameter \em thread_id.
319 See \ref osThreadState_t for possible states.
321 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
322 Calling \ref osThreadGetState from an ISR will return \ref osThreadError.
327 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
329 \fn osStatus_t osThreadSetPriority (osThreadId_t thread_id, osPriority_t priority)
332 Change the priority of an active thread.
334 \ref osStatus_t return values:
335 - \em osOK: the priority of the specified thread has been changed successfully.
336 - \em osErrorParameter: the value of the parameter \em thread_id or parameter \em priority is incorrect.
337 - \em osErrorResource: parameter \em thread_id refers to a thread that is not an active thread.
338 - \em osErrorISR: the function \b osThreadSetPriority cannot be called from interrupt service routines.
341 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
342 Calling \ref osThreadSetPriority from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
346 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
348 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
349 osThreadId_t id; // id for the currently running thread
350 osStatus status; // status of the executed function
353 id = osThreadGetId (); // Obtain ID of current running thread
356 status = osThreadSetPriority (id, osPriorityBelowNormal);
357 if (status == osOK) {
358 // Thread priority changed to BelowNormal
361 // Failed to set the priority
365 // Failed to get the id
371 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
373 \fn osPriority_t osThreadGetPriority (osThreadId_t thread_id)
376 Get the priority of an active thread. In case of failure, the value \b osPriorityError is returned.
378 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
379 Calling \ref osThreadGetPriority from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
383 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
385 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
386 osThreadId_t id; // id for the currently running thread
387 osPriority_t priority; // thread priority
389 id = osThreadGetId (); // Obtain ID of current running thread
392 priority = osThreadGetPriority (id);
395 // Failed to get the id
400 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
402 \fn osStatus_t osThreadYield (void)
405 Pass control to the next thread that is in state \b READY. If there is no other thread in state \b READY,
406 then the current thread continues execution and no thread switching occurs.
408 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
409 Calling \ref osThreadYield from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
413 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
415 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
416 osStatus_t status; // status of the executed function
419 status = osThreadYield(); //
420 if (status != osOK) {
421 // thread switch not occurred, not in a thread function
427 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
429 \fn osStatus_t osThreadSuspend (osThreadId_t thread_id)
431 Suspends execution of the thread identified by parameter \em thread_id. Thread is put into the state \em Blocked (\ref osThreadBlocked).
432 The thread is not executed until restarted with the function \ref osThreadResume.
434 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
435 Calling \ref osThreadSuspend from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
439 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
441 \fn osStatus_t osThreadResume (osThreadId_t thread_id)
443 Forces a thread in BLOCKED state, specified with \em thread_id, to resume operation.
444 Functions that will put a thread into BLOCKED state are:
445 \ref osEventFlagsWait and \ref osThreadFlagsWait,
446 \ref osDelay and \ref osDelayUntil,
447 \ref osMutexAcquire and \ref osSemaphoreAcquire,
448 \ref osMessageQueueGet,
450 \ref osThreadSuspend.
452 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
453 Calling \ref osThreadResume from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
457 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
459 \fn osStatus_t osThreadDetach (osThreadId_t thread_id)
461 Changes the attribute of a thread specified in \em thread_id to \ref osThreadDetached. Detached threads are not joinable with \ref osThreadJoin.
462 When a detached thread is terminated all resources are returned to the system. The behaviour of \ref osThreadDetach on an already detached thread is undefined.
464 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
465 Calling \ref osThreadDetach from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
467 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
469 \fn osStatus_t osThreadJoin (osThreadId_t thread_id)
471 Waits for the thread specified by \em thread_id to terminate.
472 If that thread has already terminated, then \ref osThreadJoin returns immediately.
473 The thread referred to by thread_id must joinable. By default threads are created with the attribute \ref osThreadJoinable. The thread may not have been detached by \ref osThreadDetach.
475 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
476 Calling \ref osThreadJoin from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
481 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
483 \fn __NO_RETURN void osThreadExit (void)
486 osThreadExit terminates the calling thread. This allows the thread to be synchronized with osThreadJoin.
489 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
491 \fn osStatus_t osThreadTerminate (osThreadId_t thread_id)
493 Remove the thread function from the active thread list. If the thread is currently /b RUNNING the execution stops and the thread terminates.
495 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
496 Calling \ref osThreadTerminate from an ISR will return \ref osErrorISR.
499 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
501 void Thread_1 (void c*arg); // function prototype for Thread_1
503 void ThreadTerminate_example (void) {
507 id = osThreadNew (Thread_1, NULL, NULL); // create the thread
509 status = osThreadTerminate (id); // stop the thread
510 if (status == osOK) {
511 // Thread was terminated successfully
514 // Failed to terminate a thread
522 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
524 \fn uint32_t osThreadGetStackSize (osThreadId_t thread_id)
529 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
531 \fn uint32_t osThreadGetStackSpace (osThreadId_t thread_id);
534 osThreadGetStackSpace returns the size of unused stack space for the thread passed in thread_id.
535 If this function is not implemented or stack checking is disabled it will return 0.
537 \note Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
538 Calling \ref osThreadGetStackSpace from an ISR will return 0.
541 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
543 \fn uint32_t osThreadGetCount (void)
548 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
550 \fn osThreadEnumerate (osThreadId_t *thread_array, uint32_t array_items)
558 // these struct members must stay outside the group to avoid double entries in documentation
560 \var osThreadAttr_t::attr_bits
562 The following predefined bit masks can be assigned to set options for a thread object.
564 Bit Mask | Description
565 :-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------
566 osThreadJoinable | Thread is created in a join-able state (default).
567 osThreadDettached | Thread is created in a detached state.
569 \var osThreadAttr_t::cb_mem
571 Pointer to a memory location for the thread object. This can optionally be used for custom memory management systems.
572 Specify \token{NULL} to use the kernel memory management.
574 \var osThreadAttr_t::cb_size
576 The size of the memory block passed with \ref cb_mem. Must be the size of a thread control block object or larger.
578 \var osThreadAttr_t::name
580 String with a human readable name of the thread object.
582 \var osThreadAttr_t::priority
584 Specifies the initial thread priority with a value from #osPriority_t.
586 \var osThreadAttr_t::reserved
588 Reserved for future use. Must be \token{0}.
590 \var osThreadAttr_t::stack_mem
592 Pointer to a memory location for the thread stack. This can optionally be used for custom memory management systems.
593 Specify \token{NULL} to use the kernel memory management.
595 \var osThreadAttr_t::tz_module
597 TrustZone Thread Context Management Identifier to allocate context memory for threads. The RTOS kernel that runs in non-secure state calls the interface functions defined by the header file TZ_context.h. See <a href="../../Core/html/group__context__trustzone__functions.html">TrustZone RTOS Context Management</a>.
599 \var osThreadAttr_t::stack_size
601 The size of the stack specified by \ref stack_mem in Bytes.