1 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
2 // ==== Thread Management ====
4 \addtogroup CMSIS_RTOS_ThreadMgmt Thread Management
5 \ingroup CMSIS_RTOS CMSIS_RTOSv2
6 \brief Define, create, and control thread functions.
8 The Thread Management function group allows defining, creating, and controlling thread functions in the system. The function
9 \b main is a special thread function that is started at system initialization and has the initial priority
14 Threads can be in the following states:
16 - \b RUNNING: The thread that is currently running is in the \b RUNNING state. Only one thread at a time can be in this state.
18 - \b READY: Threads which are ready to run are in the \b READY state. Once the \b RUNNING thread has terminated, or is \b BLOCKED, the next \b READY thread with the highest priority becomes the \b RUNNING thread.
20 - \b BLOCKED: Threads that are blocked either delayed, waiting for an event to occur or suspended are in the \b BLOCKED state.
22 - \b TERMINATED: When \ref osThreadTerminate is called, and threads that joined are in \b TERMINATED state. When all joined threads have terminated, resources are released an the threads are in state \b INACTIVE.
24 - \b INACTIVE: Threads that are not created or have been terminated with all resources released are in the \b INACTIVE state.
26 \image html "ThreadStatus.png" "Thread State and State Transitions"
29 A CMSIS-RTOS assumes that threads are scheduled as shown in the figure <b>Thread State and State Transitions</b>. The thread
30 states change as follows:
31 - A thread is created using the function \ref osThreadNew. This puts the thread into the \b READY or \b RUNNING state
32 (depending on the thread priority).
33 - CMSIS-RTOS is pre-emptive. The active thread with the highest priority becomes the \b RUNNING thread provided it does not
34 wait for any event. The initial priority of a thread is defined with the \ref osThreadAttr_t but may be changed during
35 execution using the function \ref osThreadSetPriority.
36 - The \b RUNNING thread transfers into the \b BLOCKED state when it is delayed, waiting for an event or suspended.
37 - Active threads can be terminated any time using the function \ref osThreadTerminate. Threads can terminate also by just
38 returning from the thread function. Threads that are terminated are in the \b INACTIVE state and typically do not consume
39 any dynamic memory resources.
43 The following examples show various scenarios to create threads:
45 <b>Example 1 - Create a simple thread</b>
47 Create a thread out of the function thread1 using all default values for thread attributes and memory from the \ref GlobalMemoryPool.
50 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
58 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, NULL); // Create thread with default settings
64 <b>Example 2 - Create thread with stack non-default stack size</b>
66 Similar to the simple thread all attributes are default. The stack is dynamically allocated from the \ref GlobalMemoryPool
68 \ref osThreadAttr_t.stack_size is used to pass the stack size in Bytes to osThreadNew.
71 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
76 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
77 .stack_size = 1024; // Create the thread stack with a size of 1024 bytes
82 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr); // Create thread with custom sized stack memory
87 <b>Example 3 - Create thread with statically allocated stack</b>
89 Similar to the simple thread all attributes are default. The stack is statically allocated using the uint64_t array thread1_stk_1. This allocates 64*8 Bytes (=512 Bytes) with an alignment of 8 Bytes (mandatory for Cortex-M stack memory).
91 \ref osThreadAttr_t.stack_mem holds a pointer to the stacks lowest address.
93 \ref osThreadAttr_t.stack_size is used to pass the stack size in Bytes to osThreadNew.
96 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
101 static uint64_t thread1_stk_1[64];
103 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
104 .stack_mem = &thread1_stk_1[0];
105 .stack_size = sizeof(thread1_stk_1);
110 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr); // Create thread with statically allocated stack memory
115 <b>Example 4 - Thread with statically allocated task control block</b>
117 Typically this method is chosen together with a statically allocated stack as shown in Example 2.
118 os_<i>object</i>Size macros supply the size of OS objects.
119 RTX5 has the following internal definitions to determine the size of OS objects:
121 #define os_ThreadCbSize sizeof(os_thread_t)
122 #define os_TimerCbSize sizeof(os_timer_t)
123 #define os_EventFlagsCbSize sizeof(os_event_flags_t)
124 #define os_MutexCbSize sizeof(os_mutex_t)
125 #define os_SemaphoreCbSize sizeof(os_semaphore_t)
126 #define os_MemoryPoolCbSize sizeof(os_memory_pool_t)
127 #define os_MessageQueueCbSize sizeof(os_message_queue_t)
130 Include "rtx_os.h" to access these macros.
133 #include "rtx_os.h" //required for os_ThreadCbSize macro definition
135 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
140 static os_thread_t thread1_tcb;
142 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
143 .cb_mem = &thread1_tcb;
144 .cb_size = os_ThreadCbSize;
149 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr); // Create thread with custom tcb memory
154 <b>Example 5 - Create thread with a different priority</b>
156 The default priority of RTX is \ref osPriorityNormal. Often you want to run a task with a higher or lower priority. Using the \ref osThreadAttr_t control structure you can set any inital priority required.
159 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
164 const osThreadAttr_t thread1_attr = {
165 .priority = osPriorityHigh //Set initial thread priority to high
170 osThreadNew(thread1, NULL, &thread1_attr);
175 <b>Example 6 - Joinable threads</b>
177 In this example a master thread creates four threads with the \ref osThreadJoinable attribute. These will do some work and return using the osThreadExit call after finished. \ref osThreadJoin is used to synchronize the thread termination.
181 __NO_RETURN void worker (void *argument) {
182 ; // work a lot on data[]
187 __NO_RETURN void thread1 (void *argument) {
188 osThreadAttr_t worker_attr = {0};
189 osThreadId_t worker_ids[4];
192 worker_attr.attr_bits = osThreadJoinable;
194 worker_ids[0] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[0][0], &worker_attr);
195 worker_ids[1] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[1][0], &worker_attr);
196 worker_ids[2] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[2][0], &worker_attr);
197 worker_ids[3] = osThreadNew(worker, &data[3][0], &worker_attr);
199 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[0]);
200 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[1]);
201 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[2]);
202 osThreadJoin(worker_ids[3]);
216 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
218 \enum osThreadState_t
222 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
227 The \b osPriority_t value specifies the priority for a thread. The default thread priority should be \a osPriorityNormal.
228 If a Thread is active that has a higher priority than the currently executing thread, then a thread switch occurs immediately
229 to execute the new task.
231 To prevent from a priority inversion, a CMSIS-RTOS compliant OS may optionally implement a <b>priority inheritance</b> method.
232 A priority inversion occurs when a high priority thread is waiting for a resource or event that is controlled by a thread
233 with a lower priority.
236 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
239 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
241 \typedef void *(*os_thread_func_t) (void *argument)
246 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
248 \typedef osThreadId_t
251 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
253 \struct osThreadAttr_t
256 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
258 \def osThreadJoinable
263 \def osThreadDetached
267 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
269 \fn osThreadId_t osThreadNew (os_thread_func_t func, void *argument, const osThreadAttr_t *attr)
272 Start a thread function by adding it to the Active Threads list and set it to state \b READY. Arguments for the thread function are passed
273 using the parameter pointer \em *argument. When the priority of the created thread function is higher than the current \b RUNNING thread,
274 the created thread function starts instantly and becomes the new \b RUNNING thread. Thread attributes are defined with the parameter pointer \em attr.
275 Attributes include settings for thread priority, stack size, or memory allocation.
278 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
282 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
284 \fn const char *osThreadGetName (osThreadId_t thread_id)
289 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
291 \fn osThreadId_t osThreadGetId (void)
294 Get the thread ID of the current running thread.
297 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
301 void ThreadGetId_example (void) {
302 osThreadId id; // id for the currently running thread
304 id = osThreadGetId ();
306 // Failed to get the id; not in a thread
311 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
313 \fn osThreadState_t osThreadGetState (osThreadId_t thread_id)
316 Return the state of the thread identified by parameter \em thread_id.
317 See \ref osThreadState_t for possible states.
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322 \fn osStatus_t osThreadSetPriority (osThreadId_t thread_id, osPriority_t priority)
325 Change the priority of an active thread.
327 \ref osStatus_t return values:
328 - \em osOK: the priority of the specified thread has been changed successfully.
329 - \em osErrorParameter: the value of the parameter \em thread_id or parameter \em priority is incorrect.
330 - \em osErrorResource: parameter \em thread_id refers to a thread that is not an active thread.
331 - \em osErrorISR: the function \b osThreadSetPriority cannot be called from interrupt service routines.
334 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
338 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
340 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
341 osThreadId_t id; // id for the currently running thread
342 osStatus status; // status of the executed function
345 id = osThreadGetId (); // Obtain ID of current running thread
348 status = osThreadSetPriority (id, osPriorityBelowNormal);
349 if (status == osOK) {
350 // Thread priority changed to BelowNormal
353 // Failed to set the priority
357 // Failed to get the id
363 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
365 \fn osPriority_t osThreadGetPriority (osThreadId_t thread_id)
368 Get the priority of an active thread. In case of failure, the value \b osPriorityError is returned.
371 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
375 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
377 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
378 osThreadId_t id; // id for the currently running thread
379 osPriority_t priority; // thread priority
381 id = osThreadGetId (); // Obtain ID of current running thread
384 priority = osThreadGetPriority (id);
387 // Failed to get the id
392 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
394 \fn osStatus_t osThreadYield (void)
397 Pass control to the next thread that is in state \b READY. If there is no other thread in state \b READY,
398 then the current thread continues execution and no thread switching occurs.
401 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
405 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
407 void Thread_1 (void const *arg) { // Thread function
408 osStatus_t status; // status of the executed function
411 status = osThreadYield(); //
412 if (status != osOK) {
413 // thread switch not occurred, not in a thread function
419 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
421 \fn osStatus_t osThreadSuspend (osThreadId_t thread_id)
423 Suspends execution of the thread identified by parameter \em thread_id. Thread is put into the state \em Blocked (\ref osThreadBlocked).
424 The thread is not executed until restarted with the function \ref osThreadResume.
427 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
429 \fn osStatus_t osThreadResume (osThreadId_t thread_id)
431 Forces a thread in BLOCKED state, specified with \em thread_id, to resume operation.
432 Functions that will put a thread into BLOCKED state are:
433 \ref osEventFlagsWait and \ref osThreadFlagsWait,
434 \ref osDelay and \ref osDelayUntil,
435 \ref osMutexAcquire and \ref osSemaphoreAcquire,
436 \ref osMessageQueueGet,
438 \ref osThreadSuspend.
441 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
443 \fn osStatus_t osThreadDetach (osThreadId_t thread_id)
445 Changes the attribute of a thread specified in \em thread_id to \ref osThreadDetached. Detached threads are not joinable with \ref osThreadJoin.
446 When a detached thread is terminated all resources are returned to the system. The behaviour of \ref osThreadDetach on an already detached thread is undefined.
451 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
453 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
455 \fn osStatus_t osThreadJoin (osThreadId_t thread_id)
457 Waits for the thread specified by \em thread_id to terminate.
458 If that thread has already terminated, then \ref osThreadJoin returns immediately.
459 The thread referred to by thread_id must joinable. By default threads are created with the attribute \ref osThreadJoinable. The thread may not have been detached by \ref osThreadDetach.
462 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
467 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
469 \fn __NO_RETURN void osThreadExit (void)
472 osThreadExit terminates the calling thread. This allows the thread to be synchronized with osThreadJoin.
475 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
477 /*=======0=========1=========2=========3=========4=========5=========6=========7=========8=========9=========0=========1====*/
479 \fn osStatus_t osThreadTerminate (osThreadId_t thread_id)
481 Remove the thread function from the active thread list. If the thread is currently /b RUNNING the execution stops and the thread
485 Cannot be called from \ref CMSIS_RTOS_ISR_Calls "Interrupt Service Routines".
488 #include "cmsis_os2.h"
490 void *Thread_1 (void c*arg); // function prototype for Thread_1
492 void ThreadTerminate_example (void) {
496 id = osThreadNew (Thread_1, NULL, NULL); // create the thread
498 status = osThreadTerminate (id); // stop the thread
499 if (status == osOK) {
500 // Thread was terminated successfully
503 // Failed to terminate a thread
511 // these struct members must stay outside the group to avoid double entries in documentation
513 \var osThreadAttr_t::attr_bits
515 The following predefined bit masks can be assigned to set options for a thread object.
517 Bit Mask | Description
518 :-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------
519 osThreadJoinable | Thread is created in a join-able state (default).
520 osThreadDettached | Thread is created in a detached state.
522 \var osThreadAttr_t::cb_mem
524 Pointer to a memory location for the thread object. This can optionally be used for custom memory management systems.
525 Specify \token{NULL} to use the kernel memory management.
527 \var osThreadAttr_t::cb_size
529 The size of the memory block passed with \ref cb_mem. Must be the size of a thread control block object or larger.
531 \var osThreadAttr_t::name
533 String with a human readable name of the thread object.
535 \var osThreadAttr_t::priority
537 Specifies the initial thread priority with a value from #osPriority_t.
539 \var osThreadAttr_t::reserved
541 Reserved for future use. Must be \token{0}.
543 \var osThreadAttr_t::stack_mem
545 Pointer to a memory location for the thread stack. This can optionally be used for custom memory management systems.
546 Specify \token{NULL} to use the kernel memory management.
548 \var osThreadAttr_t::stack_size
550 The size of the stack specified by \ref stack_mem in Bytes.