2 * FreeRTOS Kernel V10.4.4
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3 * Copyright (C) 2021 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
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5 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
7 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
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8 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
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9 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
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10 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
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11 * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
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12 * subject to the following conditions:
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14 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
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15 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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17 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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18 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
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19 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
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20 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
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21 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
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22 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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24 * https://www.FreeRTOS.org
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25 * https://github.com/FreeRTOS
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29 #ifndef CO_ROUTINE_H
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30 #define CO_ROUTINE_H
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32 #ifndef INC_FREERTOS_H
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33 #error "include FreeRTOS.h must appear in source files before include croutine.h"
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44 /* Used to hide the implementation of the co-routine control block. The
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45 * control block structure however has to be included in the header due to
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46 * the macro implementation of the co-routine functionality. */
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47 typedef void * CoRoutineHandle_t;
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49 /* Defines the prototype to which co-routine functions must conform. */
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50 typedef void (* crCOROUTINE_CODE)( CoRoutineHandle_t,
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53 typedef struct corCoRoutineControlBlock
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55 crCOROUTINE_CODE pxCoRoutineFunction;
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56 ListItem_t xGenericListItem; /*< List item used to place the CRCB in ready and blocked queues. */
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57 ListItem_t xEventListItem; /*< List item used to place the CRCB in event lists. */
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58 UBaseType_t uxPriority; /*< The priority of the co-routine in relation to other co-routines. */
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59 UBaseType_t uxIndex; /*< Used to distinguish between co-routines when multiple co-routines use the same co-routine function. */
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60 uint16_t uxState; /*< Used internally by the co-routine implementation. */
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61 } CRCB_t; /* Co-routine control block. Note must be identical in size down to uxPriority with TCB_t. */
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66 * BaseType_t xCoRoutineCreate(
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67 * crCOROUTINE_CODE pxCoRoutineCode,
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68 * UBaseType_t uxPriority,
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69 * UBaseType_t uxIndex
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73 * Create a new co-routine and add it to the list of co-routines that are
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76 * @param pxCoRoutineCode Pointer to the co-routine function. Co-routine
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77 * functions require special syntax - see the co-routine section of the WEB
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78 * documentation for more information.
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80 * @param uxPriority The priority with respect to other co-routines at which
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81 * the co-routine will run.
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83 * @param uxIndex Used to distinguish between different co-routines that
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84 * execute the same function. See the example below and the co-routine section
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85 * of the WEB documentation for further information.
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87 * @return pdPASS if the co-routine was successfully created and added to a ready
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88 * list, otherwise an error code defined with ProjDefs.h.
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92 * // Co-routine to be created.
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93 * void vFlashCoRoutine( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
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95 * // Variables in co-routines must be declared static if they must maintain value across a blocking call.
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96 * // This may not be necessary for const variables.
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97 * static const char cLedToFlash[ 2 ] = { 5, 6 };
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98 * static const TickType_t uxFlashRates[ 2 ] = { 200, 400 };
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100 * // Must start every co-routine with a call to crSTART();
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101 * crSTART( xHandle );
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105 * // This co-routine just delays for a fixed period, then toggles
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106 * // an LED. Two co-routines are created using this function, so
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107 * // the uxIndex parameter is used to tell the co-routine which
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108 * // LED to flash and how int32_t to delay. This assumes xQueue has
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109 * // already been created.
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110 * vParTestToggleLED( cLedToFlash[ uxIndex ] );
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111 * crDELAY( xHandle, uxFlashRates[ uxIndex ] );
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114 * // Must end every co-routine with a call to crEND();
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118 * // Function that creates two co-routines.
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119 * void vOtherFunction( void )
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121 * uint8_t ucParameterToPass;
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122 * TaskHandle_t xHandle;
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124 * // Create two co-routines at priority 0. The first is given index 0
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125 * // so (from the code above) toggles LED 5 every 200 ticks. The second
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126 * // is given index 1 so toggles LED 6 every 400 ticks.
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127 * for( uxIndex = 0; uxIndex < 2; uxIndex++ )
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129 * xCoRoutineCreate( vFlashCoRoutine, 0, uxIndex );
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133 * \defgroup xCoRoutineCreate xCoRoutineCreate
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136 BaseType_t xCoRoutineCreate( crCOROUTINE_CODE pxCoRoutineCode,
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137 UBaseType_t uxPriority,
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138 UBaseType_t uxIndex );
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144 * void vCoRoutineSchedule( void );
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147 * Run a co-routine.
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149 * vCoRoutineSchedule() executes the highest priority co-routine that is able
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150 * to run. The co-routine will execute until it either blocks, yields or is
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151 * preempted by a task. Co-routines execute cooperatively so one
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152 * co-routine cannot be preempted by another, but can be preempted by a task.
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154 * If an application comprises of both tasks and co-routines then
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155 * vCoRoutineSchedule should be called from the idle task (in an idle task
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160 * // This idle task hook will schedule a co-routine each time it is called.
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161 * // The rest of the idle task will execute between co-routine calls.
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162 * void vApplicationIdleHook( void )
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164 * vCoRoutineSchedule();
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167 * // Alternatively, if you do not require any other part of the idle task to
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168 * // execute, the idle task hook can call vCoRoutineSchedule() within an
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169 * // infinite loop.
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170 * void vApplicationIdleHook( void )
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174 * vCoRoutineSchedule();
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178 * \defgroup vCoRoutineSchedule vCoRoutineSchedule
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181 void vCoRoutineSchedule( void );
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186 * crSTART( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle );
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189 * This macro MUST always be called at the start of a co-routine function.
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193 * // Co-routine to be created.
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194 * void vACoRoutine( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
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196 * // Variables in co-routines must be declared static if they must maintain value across a blocking call.
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197 * static int32_t ulAVariable;
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199 * // Must start every co-routine with a call to crSTART();
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200 * crSTART( xHandle );
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204 * // Co-routine functionality goes here.
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207 * // Must end every co-routine with a call to crEND();
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211 * \defgroup crSTART crSTART
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214 #define crSTART( pxCRCB ) \
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215 switch( ( ( CRCB_t * ) ( pxCRCB ) )->uxState ) { \
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224 * This macro MUST always be called at the end of a co-routine function.
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228 * // Co-routine to be created.
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229 * void vACoRoutine( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
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231 * // Variables in co-routines must be declared static if they must maintain value across a blocking call.
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232 * static int32_t ulAVariable;
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234 * // Must start every co-routine with a call to crSTART();
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235 * crSTART( xHandle );
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239 * // Co-routine functionality goes here.
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242 * // Must end every co-routine with a call to crEND();
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246 * \defgroup crSTART crSTART
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252 * These macros are intended for internal use by the co-routine implementation
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253 * only. The macros should not be used directly by application writers.
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255 #define crSET_STATE0( xHandle ) \
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256 ( ( CRCB_t * ) ( xHandle ) )->uxState = ( __LINE__ * 2 ); return; \
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257 case ( __LINE__ * 2 ):
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258 #define crSET_STATE1( xHandle ) \
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259 ( ( CRCB_t * ) ( xHandle ) )->uxState = ( ( __LINE__ * 2 ) + 1 ); return; \
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260 case ( ( __LINE__ * 2 ) + 1 ):
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265 * crDELAY( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, TickType_t xTicksToDelay );
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268 * Delay a co-routine for a fixed period of time.
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270 * crDELAY can only be called from the co-routine function itself - not
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271 * from within a function called by the co-routine function. This is because
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272 * co-routines do not maintain their own stack.
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274 * @param xHandle The handle of the co-routine to delay. This is the xHandle
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275 * parameter of the co-routine function.
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277 * @param xTickToDelay The number of ticks that the co-routine should delay
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278 * for. The actual amount of time this equates to is defined by
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279 * configTICK_RATE_HZ (set in FreeRTOSConfig.h). The constant portTICK_PERIOD_MS
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280 * can be used to convert ticks to milliseconds.
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284 * // Co-routine to be created.
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285 * void vACoRoutine( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
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287 * // Variables in co-routines must be declared static if they must maintain value across a blocking call.
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288 * // This may not be necessary for const variables.
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289 * // We are to delay for 200ms.
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290 * static const xTickType xDelayTime = 200 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS;
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292 * // Must start every co-routine with a call to crSTART();
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293 * crSTART( xHandle );
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297 * // Delay for 200ms.
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298 * crDELAY( xHandle, xDelayTime );
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300 * // Do something here.
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303 * // Must end every co-routine with a call to crEND();
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307 * \defgroup crDELAY crDELAY
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310 #define crDELAY( xHandle, xTicksToDelay ) \
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311 if( ( xTicksToDelay ) > 0 ) \
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313 vCoRoutineAddToDelayedList( ( xTicksToDelay ), NULL ); \
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315 crSET_STATE0( ( xHandle ) );
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320 * CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle,
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321 * QueueHandle_t pxQueue,
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322 * void *pvItemToQueue,
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323 * TickType_t xTicksToWait,
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324 * BaseType_t *pxResult
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328 * The macro's crQUEUE_SEND() and crQUEUE_RECEIVE() are the co-routine
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329 * equivalent to the xQueueSend() and xQueueReceive() functions used by tasks.
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331 * crQUEUE_SEND and crQUEUE_RECEIVE can only be used from a co-routine whereas
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332 * xQueueSend() and xQueueReceive() can only be used from tasks.
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334 * crQUEUE_SEND can only be called from the co-routine function itself - not
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335 * from within a function called by the co-routine function. This is because
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336 * co-routines do not maintain their own stack.
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338 * See the co-routine section of the WEB documentation for information on
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339 * passing data between tasks and co-routines and between ISR's and
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342 * @param xHandle The handle of the calling co-routine. This is the xHandle
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343 * parameter of the co-routine function.
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345 * @param pxQueue The handle of the queue on which the data will be posted.
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346 * The handle is obtained as the return value when the queue is created using
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347 * the xQueueCreate() API function.
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349 * @param pvItemToQueue A pointer to the data being posted onto the queue.
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350 * The number of bytes of each queued item is specified when the queue is
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351 * created. This number of bytes is copied from pvItemToQueue into the queue
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354 * @param xTickToDelay The number of ticks that the co-routine should block
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355 * to wait for space to become available on the queue, should space not be
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356 * available immediately. The actual amount of time this equates to is defined
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357 * by configTICK_RATE_HZ (set in FreeRTOSConfig.h). The constant
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358 * portTICK_PERIOD_MS can be used to convert ticks to milliseconds (see example
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361 * @param pxResult The variable pointed to by pxResult will be set to pdPASS if
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362 * data was successfully posted onto the queue, otherwise it will be set to an
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363 * error defined within ProjDefs.h.
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367 * // Co-routine function that blocks for a fixed period then posts a number onto
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369 * static void prvCoRoutineFlashTask( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
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371 * // Variables in co-routines must be declared static if they must maintain value across a blocking call.
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372 * static BaseType_t xNumberToPost = 0;
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373 * static BaseType_t xResult;
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375 * // Co-routines must begin with a call to crSTART().
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376 * crSTART( xHandle );
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380 * // This assumes the queue has already been created.
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381 * crQUEUE_SEND( xHandle, xCoRoutineQueue, &xNumberToPost, NO_DELAY, &xResult );
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383 * if( xResult != pdPASS )
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385 * // The message was not posted!
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388 * // Increment the number to be posted onto the queue.
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391 * // Delay for 100 ticks.
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392 * crDELAY( xHandle, 100 );
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395 * // Co-routines must end with a call to crEND().
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399 * \defgroup crQUEUE_SEND crQUEUE_SEND
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402 #define crQUEUE_SEND( xHandle, pxQueue, pvItemToQueue, xTicksToWait, pxResult ) \
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404 *( pxResult ) = xQueueCRSend( ( pxQueue ), ( pvItemToQueue ), ( xTicksToWait ) ); \
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405 if( *( pxResult ) == errQUEUE_BLOCKED ) \
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407 crSET_STATE0( ( xHandle ) ); \
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408 *pxResult = xQueueCRSend( ( pxQueue ), ( pvItemToQueue ), 0 ); \
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410 if( *pxResult == errQUEUE_YIELD ) \
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412 crSET_STATE1( ( xHandle ) ); \
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413 *pxResult = pdPASS; \
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421 * CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle,
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422 * QueueHandle_t pxQueue,
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424 * TickType_t xTicksToWait,
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425 * BaseType_t *pxResult
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429 * The macro's crQUEUE_SEND() and crQUEUE_RECEIVE() are the co-routine
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430 * equivalent to the xQueueSend() and xQueueReceive() functions used by tasks.
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432 * crQUEUE_SEND and crQUEUE_RECEIVE can only be used from a co-routine whereas
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433 * xQueueSend() and xQueueReceive() can only be used from tasks.
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435 * crQUEUE_RECEIVE can only be called from the co-routine function itself - not
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436 * from within a function called by the co-routine function. This is because
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437 * co-routines do not maintain their own stack.
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439 * See the co-routine section of the WEB documentation for information on
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440 * passing data between tasks and co-routines and between ISR's and
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443 * @param xHandle The handle of the calling co-routine. This is the xHandle
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444 * parameter of the co-routine function.
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446 * @param pxQueue The handle of the queue from which the data will be received.
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447 * The handle is obtained as the return value when the queue is created using
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448 * the xQueueCreate() API function.
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450 * @param pvBuffer The buffer into which the received item is to be copied.
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451 * The number of bytes of each queued item is specified when the queue is
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452 * created. This number of bytes is copied into pvBuffer.
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454 * @param xTickToDelay The number of ticks that the co-routine should block
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455 * to wait for data to become available from the queue, should data not be
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456 * available immediately. The actual amount of time this equates to is defined
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457 * by configTICK_RATE_HZ (set in FreeRTOSConfig.h). The constant
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458 * portTICK_PERIOD_MS can be used to convert ticks to milliseconds (see the
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459 * crQUEUE_SEND example).
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461 * @param pxResult The variable pointed to by pxResult will be set to pdPASS if
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462 * data was successfully retrieved from the queue, otherwise it will be set to
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463 * an error code as defined within ProjDefs.h.
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467 * // A co-routine receives the number of an LED to flash from a queue. It
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468 * // blocks on the queue until the number is received.
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469 * static void prvCoRoutineFlashWorkTask( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
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471 * // Variables in co-routines must be declared static if they must maintain value across a blocking call.
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472 * static BaseType_t xResult;
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473 * static UBaseType_t uxLEDToFlash;
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475 * // All co-routines must start with a call to crSTART().
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476 * crSTART( xHandle );
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480 * // Wait for data to become available on the queue.
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481 * crQUEUE_RECEIVE( xHandle, xCoRoutineQueue, &uxLEDToFlash, portMAX_DELAY, &xResult );
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483 * if( xResult == pdPASS )
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485 * // We received the LED to flash - flash it!
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486 * vParTestToggleLED( uxLEDToFlash );
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493 * \defgroup crQUEUE_RECEIVE crQUEUE_RECEIVE
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496 #define crQUEUE_RECEIVE( xHandle, pxQueue, pvBuffer, xTicksToWait, pxResult ) \
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498 *( pxResult ) = xQueueCRReceive( ( pxQueue ), ( pvBuffer ), ( xTicksToWait ) ); \
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499 if( *( pxResult ) == errQUEUE_BLOCKED ) \
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501 crSET_STATE0( ( xHandle ) ); \
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502 *( pxResult ) = xQueueCRReceive( ( pxQueue ), ( pvBuffer ), 0 ); \
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504 if( *( pxResult ) == errQUEUE_YIELD ) \
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506 crSET_STATE1( ( xHandle ) ); \
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507 *( pxResult ) = pdPASS; \
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514 * crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR(
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515 * QueueHandle_t pxQueue,
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516 * void *pvItemToQueue,
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517 * BaseType_t xCoRoutinePreviouslyWoken
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521 * The macro's crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR() and crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR() are the
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522 * co-routine equivalent to the xQueueSendFromISR() and xQueueReceiveFromISR()
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523 * functions used by tasks.
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525 * crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR() and crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR() can only be used to
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526 * pass data between a co-routine and and ISR, whereas xQueueSendFromISR() and
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527 * xQueueReceiveFromISR() can only be used to pass data between a task and and
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530 * crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR can only be called from an ISR to send data to a queue
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531 * that is being used from within a co-routine.
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533 * See the co-routine section of the WEB documentation for information on
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534 * passing data between tasks and co-routines and between ISR's and
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537 * @param xQueue The handle to the queue on which the item is to be posted.
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539 * @param pvItemToQueue A pointer to the item that is to be placed on the
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540 * queue. The size of the items the queue will hold was defined when the
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541 * queue was created, so this many bytes will be copied from pvItemToQueue
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542 * into the queue storage area.
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544 * @param xCoRoutinePreviouslyWoken This is included so an ISR can post onto
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545 * the same queue multiple times from a single interrupt. The first call
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546 * should always pass in pdFALSE. Subsequent calls should pass in
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547 * the value returned from the previous call.
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549 * @return pdTRUE if a co-routine was woken by posting onto the queue. This is
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550 * used by the ISR to determine if a context switch may be required following
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555 * // A co-routine that blocks on a queue waiting for characters to be received.
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556 * static void vReceivingCoRoutine( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
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559 * BaseType_t xResult;
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561 * // All co-routines must start with a call to crSTART().
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562 * crSTART( xHandle );
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566 * // Wait for data to become available on the queue. This assumes the
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567 * // queue xCommsRxQueue has already been created!
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568 * crQUEUE_RECEIVE( xHandle, xCommsRxQueue, &uxLEDToFlash, portMAX_DELAY, &xResult );
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570 * // Was a character received?
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571 * if( xResult == pdPASS )
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573 * // Process the character here.
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577 * // All co-routines must end with a call to crEND().
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581 * // An ISR that uses a queue to send characters received on a serial port to
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583 * void vUART_ISR( void )
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586 * BaseType_t xCRWokenByPost = pdFALSE;
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588 * // We loop around reading characters until there are none left in the UART.
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589 * while( UART_RX_REG_NOT_EMPTY() )
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591 * // Obtain the character from the UART.
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592 * cRxedChar = UART_RX_REG;
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594 * // Post the character onto a queue. xCRWokenByPost will be pdFALSE
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595 * // the first time around the loop. If the post causes a co-routine
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596 * // to be woken (unblocked) then xCRWokenByPost will be set to pdTRUE.
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597 * // In this manner we can ensure that if more than one co-routine is
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598 * // blocked on the queue only one is woken by this ISR no matter how
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599 * // many characters are posted to the queue.
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600 * xCRWokenByPost = crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR( xCommsRxQueue, &cRxedChar, xCRWokenByPost );
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604 * \defgroup crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR
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607 #define crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR( pxQueue, pvItemToQueue, xCoRoutinePreviouslyWoken ) \
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608 xQueueCRSendFromISR( ( pxQueue ), ( pvItemToQueue ), ( xCoRoutinePreviouslyWoken ) )
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614 * crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR(
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615 * QueueHandle_t pxQueue,
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617 * BaseType_t * pxCoRoutineWoken
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621 * The macro's crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR() and crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR() are the
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622 * co-routine equivalent to the xQueueSendFromISR() and xQueueReceiveFromISR()
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623 * functions used by tasks.
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625 * crQUEUE_SEND_FROM_ISR() and crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR() can only be used to
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626 * pass data between a co-routine and and ISR, whereas xQueueSendFromISR() and
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627 * xQueueReceiveFromISR() can only be used to pass data between a task and and
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630 * crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR can only be called from an ISR to receive data
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631 * from a queue that is being used from within a co-routine (a co-routine
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632 * posted to the queue).
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634 * See the co-routine section of the WEB documentation for information on
\r
635 * passing data between tasks and co-routines and between ISR's and
\r
638 * @param xQueue The handle to the queue on which the item is to be posted.
\r
640 * @param pvBuffer A pointer to a buffer into which the received item will be
\r
641 * placed. The size of the items the queue will hold was defined when the
\r
642 * queue was created, so this many bytes will be copied from the queue into
\r
645 * @param pxCoRoutineWoken A co-routine may be blocked waiting for space to become
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646 * available on the queue. If crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR causes such a
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647 * co-routine to unblock *pxCoRoutineWoken will get set to pdTRUE, otherwise
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648 * *pxCoRoutineWoken will remain unchanged.
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650 * @return pdTRUE an item was successfully received from the queue, otherwise
\r
655 * // A co-routine that posts a character to a queue then blocks for a fixed
\r
656 * // period. The character is incremented each time.
\r
657 * static void vSendingCoRoutine( CoRoutineHandle_t xHandle, UBaseType_t uxIndex )
\r
659 * // cChar holds its value while this co-routine is blocked and must therefore
\r
660 * // be declared static.
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661 * static char cCharToTx = 'a';
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662 * BaseType_t xResult;
\r
664 * // All co-routines must start with a call to crSTART().
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665 * crSTART( xHandle );
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669 * // Send the next character to the queue.
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670 * crQUEUE_SEND( xHandle, xCoRoutineQueue, &cCharToTx, NO_DELAY, &xResult );
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672 * if( xResult == pdPASS )
\r
674 * // The character was successfully posted to the queue.
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678 * // Could not post the character to the queue.
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681 * // Enable the UART Tx interrupt to cause an interrupt in this
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682 * // hypothetical UART. The interrupt will obtain the character
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683 * // from the queue and send it.
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684 * ENABLE_RX_INTERRUPT();
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686 * // Increment to the next character then block for a fixed period.
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687 * // cCharToTx will maintain its value across the delay as it is
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688 * // declared static.
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690 * if( cCharToTx > 'x' )
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697 * // All co-routines must end with a call to crEND().
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701 * // An ISR that uses a queue to receive characters to send on a UART.
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702 * void vUART_ISR( void )
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705 * BaseType_t xCRWokenByPost = pdFALSE;
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707 * while( UART_TX_REG_EMPTY() )
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709 * // Are there any characters in the queue waiting to be sent?
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710 * // xCRWokenByPost will automatically be set to pdTRUE if a co-routine
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711 * // is woken by the post - ensuring that only a single co-routine is
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712 * // woken no matter how many times we go around this loop.
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713 * if( crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR( pxQueue, &cCharToTx, &xCRWokenByPost ) )
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715 * SEND_CHARACTER( cCharToTx );
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720 * \defgroup crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR
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723 #define crQUEUE_RECEIVE_FROM_ISR( pxQueue, pvBuffer, pxCoRoutineWoken ) \
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724 xQueueCRReceiveFromISR( ( pxQueue ), ( pvBuffer ), ( pxCoRoutineWoken ) )
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727 * This function is intended for internal use by the co-routine macros only.
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728 * The macro nature of the co-routine implementation requires that the
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729 * prototype appears here. The function should not be used by application
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732 * Removes the current co-routine from its ready list and places it in the
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733 * appropriate delayed list.
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735 void vCoRoutineAddToDelayedList( TickType_t xTicksToDelay,
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736 List_t * pxEventList );
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739 * This function is intended for internal use by the queue implementation only.
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740 * The function should not be used by application writers.
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742 * Removes the highest priority co-routine from the event list and places it in
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743 * the pending ready list.
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745 BaseType_t xCoRoutineRemoveFromEventList( const List_t * pxEventList );
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753 #endif /* CO_ROUTINE_H */
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