2 * FreeRTOS Kernel <DEVELOPMENT BRANCH>
3 * Copyright (C) 2021 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
5 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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24 * https://www.FreeRTOS.org
25 * https://github.com/FreeRTOS
30 * This is the list implementation used by the scheduler. While it is tailored
31 * heavily for the schedulers needs, it is also available for use by
34 * list_ts can only store pointers to list_item_ts. Each ListItem_t contains a
35 * numeric value (xItemValue). Most of the time the lists are sorted in
36 * ascending item value order.
38 * Lists are created already containing one list item. The value of this
39 * item is the maximum possible that can be stored, it is therefore always at
40 * the end of the list and acts as a marker. The list member pxHead always
41 * points to this marker - even though it is at the tail of the list. This
42 * is because the tail contains a wrap back pointer to the true head of
45 * In addition to it's value, each list item contains a pointer to the next
46 * item in the list (pxNext), a pointer to the list it is in (pxContainer)
47 * and a pointer to back to the object that contains it. These later two
48 * pointers are included for efficiency of list manipulation. There is
49 * effectively a two way link between the object containing the list item and
50 * the list item itself.
53 * \page ListIntroduction List Implementation
54 * \ingroup FreeRTOSIntro
61 #ifndef INC_FREERTOS_H
62 #error "FreeRTOS.h must be included before list.h"
66 * The list structure members are modified from within interrupts, and therefore
67 * by rights should be declared volatile. However, they are only modified in a
68 * functionally atomic way (within critical sections of with the scheduler
69 * suspended) and are either passed by reference into a function or indexed via
70 * a volatile variable. Therefore, in all use cases tested so far, the volatile
71 * qualifier can be omitted in order to provide a moderate performance
72 * improvement without adversely affecting functional behaviour. The assembly
73 * instructions generated by the IAR, ARM and GCC compilers when the respective
74 * compiler's options were set for maximum optimisation has been inspected and
75 * deemed to be as intended. That said, as compiler technology advances, and
76 * especially if aggressive cross module optimisation is used (a use case that
77 * has not been exercised to any great extend) then it is feasible that the
78 * volatile qualifier will be needed for correct optimisation. It is expected
79 * that a compiler removing essential code because, without the volatile
80 * qualifier on the list structure members and with aggressive cross module
81 * optimisation, the compiler deemed the code unnecessary will result in
82 * complete and obvious failure of the scheduler. If this is ever experienced
83 * then the volatile qualifier can be inserted in the relevant places within the
84 * list structures by simply defining configLIST_VOLATILE to volatile in
85 * FreeRTOSConfig.h (as per the example at the bottom of this comment block).
86 * If configLIST_VOLATILE is not defined then the preprocessor directives below
87 * will simply #define configLIST_VOLATILE away completely.
89 * To use volatile list structure members then add the following line to
90 * FreeRTOSConfig.h (without the quotes):
91 * "#define configLIST_VOLATILE volatile"
93 #ifndef configLIST_VOLATILE
94 #define configLIST_VOLATILE
95 #endif /* configSUPPORT_CROSS_MODULE_OPTIMISATION */
103 /* Macros that can be used to place known values within the list structures,
104 * then check that the known values do not get corrupted during the execution of
105 * the application. These may catch the list data structures being overwritten in
106 * memory. They will not catch data errors caused by incorrect configuration or
108 #if ( configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES == 0 )
109 /* Define the macros to do nothing. */
110 #define listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
111 #define listSECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
112 #define listFIRST_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
113 #define listSECOND_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
114 #define listSET_FIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE( pxItem )
115 #define listSET_SECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE( pxItem )
116 #define listSET_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_1_VALUE( pxList )
117 #define listSET_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_2_VALUE( pxList )
118 #define listTEST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY( pxItem )
119 #define listTEST_LIST_INTEGRITY( pxList )
120 #else /* if ( configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES == 0 ) */
121 /* Define macros that add new members into the list structures. */
122 #define listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE TickType_t xListItemIntegrityValue1;
123 #define listSECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE TickType_t xListItemIntegrityValue2;
124 #define listFIRST_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE TickType_t xListIntegrityValue1;
125 #define listSECOND_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE TickType_t xListIntegrityValue2;
127 /* Define macros that set the new structure members to known values. */
128 #define listSET_FIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE( pxItem ) ( pxItem )->xListItemIntegrityValue1 = pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
129 #define listSET_SECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE( pxItem ) ( pxItem )->xListItemIntegrityValue2 = pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
130 #define listSET_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_1_VALUE( pxList ) ( pxList )->xListIntegrityValue1 = pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
131 #define listSET_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_2_VALUE( pxList ) ( pxList )->xListIntegrityValue2 = pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
133 /* Define macros that will assert if one of the structure members does not
134 * contain its expected value. */
135 #define listTEST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY( pxItem ) configASSERT( ( ( pxItem )->xListItemIntegrityValue1 == pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE ) && ( ( pxItem )->xListItemIntegrityValue2 == pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE ) )
136 #define listTEST_LIST_INTEGRITY( pxList ) configASSERT( ( ( pxList )->xListIntegrityValue1 == pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE ) && ( ( pxList )->xListIntegrityValue2 == pdINTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE ) )
137 #endif /* configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES */
141 * Definition of the only type of object that a list can contain.
146 listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE /**< Set to a known value if configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES is set to 1. */
147 configLIST_VOLATILE TickType_t xItemValue; /**< The value being listed. In most cases this is used to sort the list in ascending order. */
148 struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxNext; /**< Pointer to the next ListItem_t in the list. */
149 struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxPrevious; /**< Pointer to the previous ListItem_t in the list. */
150 void * pvOwner; /**< Pointer to the object (normally a TCB) that contains the list item. There is therefore a two way link between the object containing the list item and the list item itself. */
151 struct xLIST * configLIST_VOLATILE pxContainer; /**< Pointer to the list in which this list item is placed (if any). */
152 listSECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE /**< Set to a known value if configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES is set to 1. */
154 typedef struct xLIST_ITEM ListItem_t;
156 #if ( configUSE_MINI_LIST_ITEM == 1 )
157 struct xMINI_LIST_ITEM
159 listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE /**< Set to a known value if configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES is set to 1. */
160 configLIST_VOLATILE TickType_t xItemValue;
161 struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxNext;
162 struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxPrevious;
164 typedef struct xMINI_LIST_ITEM MiniListItem_t;
166 typedef struct xLIST_ITEM MiniListItem_t;
170 * Definition of the type of queue used by the scheduler.
174 listFIRST_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE /**< Set to a known value if configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES is set to 1. */
175 configLIST_VOLATILE UBaseType_t uxNumberOfItems;
176 ListItem_t * configLIST_VOLATILE pxIndex; /**< Used to walk through the list. Points to the last item returned by a call to listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY (). */
177 MiniListItem_t xListEnd; /**< List item that contains the maximum possible item value meaning it is always at the end of the list and is therefore used as a marker. */
178 listSECOND_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE /**< Set to a known value if configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES is set to 1. */
182 * Access macro to set the owner of a list item. The owner of a list item
183 * is the object (usually a TCB) that contains the list item.
185 * \page listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER
186 * \ingroup LinkedList
188 #define listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxListItem, pxOwner ) ( ( pxListItem )->pvOwner = ( void * ) ( pxOwner ) )
191 * Access macro to get the owner of a list item. The owner of a list item
192 * is the object (usually a TCB) that contains the list item.
194 * \page listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER
195 * \ingroup LinkedList
197 #define listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxListItem ) ( ( pxListItem )->pvOwner )
200 * Access macro to set the value of the list item. In most cases the value is
201 * used to sort the list in ascending order.
203 * \page listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE
204 * \ingroup LinkedList
206 #define listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( pxListItem, xValue ) ( ( pxListItem )->xItemValue = ( xValue ) )
209 * Access macro to retrieve the value of the list item. The value can
210 * represent anything - for example the priority of a task, or the time at
211 * which a task should be unblocked.
213 * \page listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE
214 * \ingroup LinkedList
216 #define listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( pxListItem ) ( ( pxListItem )->xItemValue )
219 * Access macro to retrieve the value of the list item at the head of a given
222 * \page listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE
223 * \ingroup LinkedList
225 #define listGET_ITEM_VALUE_OF_HEAD_ENTRY( pxList ) ( ( ( pxList )->xListEnd ).pxNext->xItemValue )
228 * Return the list item at the head of the list.
230 * \page listGET_HEAD_ENTRY listGET_HEAD_ENTRY
231 * \ingroup LinkedList
233 #define listGET_HEAD_ENTRY( pxList ) ( ( ( pxList )->xListEnd ).pxNext )
236 * Return the next list item.
238 * \page listGET_NEXT listGET_NEXT
239 * \ingroup LinkedList
241 #define listGET_NEXT( pxListItem ) ( ( pxListItem )->pxNext )
244 * Return the list item that marks the end of the list
246 * \page listGET_END_MARKER listGET_END_MARKER
247 * \ingroup LinkedList
249 #define listGET_END_MARKER( pxList ) ( ( ListItem_t const * ) ( &( ( pxList )->xListEnd ) ) )
252 * Access macro to determine if a list contains any items. The macro will
253 * only have the value true if the list is empty.
255 * \page listLIST_IS_EMPTY listLIST_IS_EMPTY
256 * \ingroup LinkedList
258 #define listLIST_IS_EMPTY( pxList ) ( ( ( pxList )->uxNumberOfItems == ( UBaseType_t ) 0 ) ? pdTRUE : pdFALSE )
261 * Access macro to return the number of items in the list.
263 #define listCURRENT_LIST_LENGTH( pxList ) ( ( pxList )->uxNumberOfItems )
266 * Access function to obtain the owner of the next entry in a list.
268 * The list member pxIndex is used to walk through a list. Calling
269 * listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY increments pxIndex to the next item in the list
270 * and returns that entry's pxOwner parameter. Using multiple calls to this
271 * function it is therefore possible to move through every item contained in
274 * The pxOwner parameter of a list item is a pointer to the object that owns
275 * the list item. In the scheduler this is normally a task control block.
276 * The pxOwner parameter effectively creates a two way link between the list
277 * item and its owner.
279 * @param pxTCB pxTCB is set to the address of the owner of the next list item.
280 * @param pxList The list from which the next item owner is to be returned.
282 * \page listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY
283 * \ingroup LinkedList
285 #if ( configNUMBER_OF_CORES == 1 )
286 #define listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY( pxTCB, pxList ) \
288 List_t * const pxConstList = ( pxList ); \
289 /* Increment the index to the next item and return the item, ensuring */ \
290 /* we don't return the marker used at the end of the list. */ \
291 ( pxConstList )->pxIndex = ( pxConstList )->pxIndex->pxNext; \
292 if( ( void * ) ( pxConstList )->pxIndex == ( void * ) &( ( pxConstList )->xListEnd ) ) \
294 ( pxConstList )->pxIndex = ( pxConstList )->xListEnd.pxNext; \
296 ( pxTCB ) = ( pxConstList )->pxIndex->pvOwner; \
298 #else /* #if ( configNUMBER_OF_CORES == 1 ) */
300 /* This function is not required in SMP. FreeRTOS SMP scheduler doesn't use
301 * pxIndex and it should always point to the xListEnd. Not defining this macro
302 * here to prevent updating pxIndex.
304 #endif /* #if ( configNUMBER_OF_CORES == 1 ) */
307 * Version of uxListRemove() that does not return a value. Provided as a slight
308 * optimisation for xTaskIncrementTick() by being inline.
310 * Remove an item from a list. The list item has a pointer to the list that
311 * it is in, so only the list item need be passed into the function.
313 * @param uxListRemove The item to be removed. The item will remove itself from
314 * the list pointed to by it's pxContainer parameter.
316 * @return The number of items that remain in the list after the list item has
319 * \page listREMOVE_ITEM listREMOVE_ITEM
320 * \ingroup LinkedList
322 #define listREMOVE_ITEM( pxItemToRemove ) \
324 /* The list item knows which list it is in. Obtain the list from the list \
326 List_t * const pxList = ( pxItemToRemove )->pxContainer; \
328 ( pxItemToRemove )->pxNext->pxPrevious = ( pxItemToRemove )->pxPrevious; \
329 ( pxItemToRemove )->pxPrevious->pxNext = ( pxItemToRemove )->pxNext; \
330 /* Make sure the index is left pointing to a valid item. */ \
331 if( pxList->pxIndex == ( pxItemToRemove ) ) \
333 pxList->pxIndex = ( pxItemToRemove )->pxPrevious; \
336 ( pxItemToRemove )->pxContainer = NULL; \
337 ( ( pxList )->uxNumberOfItems ) = ( UBaseType_t ) ( ( ( pxList )->uxNumberOfItems ) - 1U ); \
341 * Inline version of vListInsertEnd() to provide slight optimisation for
342 * xTaskIncrementTick().
344 * Insert a list item into a list. The item will be inserted in a position
345 * such that it will be the last item within the list returned by multiple
346 * calls to listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY.
348 * The list member pxIndex is used to walk through a list. Calling
349 * listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY increments pxIndex to the next item in the list.
350 * Placing an item in a list using vListInsertEnd effectively places the item
351 * in the list position pointed to by pxIndex. This means that every other
352 * item within the list will be returned by listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY before
353 * the pxIndex parameter again points to the item being inserted.
355 * @param pxList The list into which the item is to be inserted.
357 * @param pxNewListItem The list item to be inserted into the list.
359 * \page listINSERT_END listINSERT_END
360 * \ingroup LinkedList
362 #define listINSERT_END( pxList, pxNewListItem ) \
364 ListItem_t * const pxIndex = ( pxList )->pxIndex; \
366 /* Only effective when configASSERT() is also defined, these tests may catch \
367 * the list data structures being overwritten in memory. They will not catch \
368 * data errors caused by incorrect configuration or use of FreeRTOS. */ \
369 listTEST_LIST_INTEGRITY( ( pxList ) ); \
370 listTEST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY( ( pxNewListItem ) ); \
372 /* Insert a new list item into ( pxList ), but rather than sort the list, \
373 * makes the new list item the last item to be removed by a call to \
374 * listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY(). */ \
375 ( pxNewListItem )->pxNext = pxIndex; \
376 ( pxNewListItem )->pxPrevious = pxIndex->pxPrevious; \
378 pxIndex->pxPrevious->pxNext = ( pxNewListItem ); \
379 pxIndex->pxPrevious = ( pxNewListItem ); \
381 /* Remember which list the item is in. */ \
382 ( pxNewListItem )->pxContainer = ( pxList ); \
384 ( ( pxList )->uxNumberOfItems ) = ( UBaseType_t ) ( ( ( pxList )->uxNumberOfItems ) + 1U ); \
388 * Access function to obtain the owner of the first entry in a list. Lists
389 * are normally sorted in ascending item value order.
391 * This function returns the pxOwner member of the first item in the list.
392 * The pxOwner parameter of a list item is a pointer to the object that owns
393 * the list item. In the scheduler this is normally a task control block.
394 * The pxOwner parameter effectively creates a two way link between the list
395 * item and its owner.
397 * @param pxList The list from which the owner of the head item is to be
400 * \page listGET_OWNER_OF_HEAD_ENTRY listGET_OWNER_OF_HEAD_ENTRY
401 * \ingroup LinkedList
403 #define listGET_OWNER_OF_HEAD_ENTRY( pxList ) ( ( &( ( pxList )->xListEnd ) )->pxNext->pvOwner )
406 * Check to see if a list item is within a list. The list item maintains a
407 * "container" pointer that points to the list it is in. All this macro does
408 * is check to see if the container and the list match.
410 * @param pxList The list we want to know if the list item is within.
411 * @param pxListItem The list item we want to know if is in the list.
412 * @return pdTRUE if the list item is in the list, otherwise pdFALSE.
414 #define listIS_CONTAINED_WITHIN( pxList, pxListItem ) ( ( ( pxListItem )->pxContainer == ( pxList ) ) ? ( pdTRUE ) : ( pdFALSE ) )
417 * Return the list a list item is contained within (referenced from).
419 * @param pxListItem The list item being queried.
420 * @return A pointer to the List_t object that references the pxListItem
422 #define listLIST_ITEM_CONTAINER( pxListItem ) ( ( pxListItem )->pxContainer )
425 * This provides a crude means of knowing if a list has been initialised, as
426 * pxList->xListEnd.xItemValue is set to portMAX_DELAY by the vListInitialise()
429 #define listLIST_IS_INITIALISED( pxList ) ( ( pxList )->xListEnd.xItemValue == portMAX_DELAY )
432 * Must be called before a list is used! This initialises all the members
433 * of the list structure and inserts the xListEnd item into the list as a
434 * marker to the back of the list.
436 * @param pxList Pointer to the list being initialised.
438 * \page vListInitialise vListInitialise
439 * \ingroup LinkedList
441 void vListInitialise( List_t * const pxList ) PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION;
444 * Must be called before a list item is used. This sets the list container to
445 * null so the item does not think that it is already contained in a list.
447 * @param pxItem Pointer to the list item being initialised.
449 * \page vListInitialiseItem vListInitialiseItem
450 * \ingroup LinkedList
452 void vListInitialiseItem( ListItem_t * const pxItem ) PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION;
455 * Insert a list item into a list. The item will be inserted into the list in
456 * a position determined by its item value (ascending item value order).
458 * @param pxList The list into which the item is to be inserted.
460 * @param pxNewListItem The item that is to be placed in the list.
462 * \page vListInsert vListInsert
463 * \ingroup LinkedList
465 void vListInsert( List_t * const pxList,
466 ListItem_t * const pxNewListItem ) PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION;
469 * Insert a list item into a list. The item will be inserted in a position
470 * such that it will be the last item within the list returned by multiple
471 * calls to listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY.
473 * The list member pxIndex is used to walk through a list. Calling
474 * listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY increments pxIndex to the next item in the list.
475 * Placing an item in a list using vListInsertEnd effectively places the item
476 * in the list position pointed to by pxIndex. This means that every other
477 * item within the list will be returned by listGET_OWNER_OF_NEXT_ENTRY before
478 * the pxIndex parameter again points to the item being inserted.
480 * @param pxList The list into which the item is to be inserted.
482 * @param pxNewListItem The list item to be inserted into the list.
484 * \page vListInsertEnd vListInsertEnd
485 * \ingroup LinkedList
487 void vListInsertEnd( List_t * const pxList,
488 ListItem_t * const pxNewListItem ) PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION;
491 * Remove an item from a list. The list item has a pointer to the list that
492 * it is in, so only the list item need be passed into the function.
494 * @param uxListRemove The item to be removed. The item will remove itself from
495 * the list pointed to by it's pxContainer parameter.
497 * @return The number of items that remain in the list after the list item has
500 * \page uxListRemove uxListRemove
501 * \ingroup LinkedList
503 UBaseType_t uxListRemove( ListItem_t * const pxItemToRemove ) PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION;
511 #endif /* ifndef LIST_H */